1 00:00:10,009 --> 00:01:44,971 ♪♪ 2 00:01:45,038 --> 00:01:48,274 >> HELLO I'M SAMSON. 3 00:01:48,341 --> 00:01:54,414 WELCOME TO 703 NASA ARMSTRONG 4 00:01:54,481 --> 00:01:55,548 FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER IN 5 00:01:55,615 --> 00:01:55,949 CALIFORNIA. 6 00:01:56,015 --> 00:01:57,183 NASA ACCOMPLISHED REALLY BIG 7 00:01:57,250 --> 00:01:57,517 THINGS. 8 00:01:57,584 --> 00:01:59,285 SUCH AS SENDING HUMANS TO THE 9 00:01:59,352 --> 00:02:02,522 MOON, PUTTING ROVERS ON MARS AND 10 00:02:02,589 --> 00:02:04,023 LOOKING SOUGHT INTO THE DEEP 11 00:02:04,090 --> 00:02:06,493 RECESSES OF THE UNIVERSE. 12 00:02:06,559 --> 00:02:08,528 THERE'S ANOTHER BIG 13 00:02:08,595 --> 00:02:11,264 ACCOMPLISHMENT THAT HITS CLOSE 14 00:02:11,331 --> 00:02:14,167 TO HOME THAT'S THE EARTH 15 00:02:14,234 --> 00:02:16,336 ORBITING SATELLITE. 16 00:02:16,402 --> 00:02:20,373 SCIENTISTS USED SATELLITE TO 17 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:22,675 OBSERVE HOW OUR PLANET IS 18 00:02:22,742 --> 00:02:23,877 CHANGING. 19 00:02:23,943 --> 00:02:26,613 FIRES, OCEANS, FORESTS, 20 00:02:26,679 --> 00:02:28,314 AGRICULTURE, EVEN THE AIR THAT 21 00:02:28,381 --> 00:02:29,249 WE BREATHE. 22 00:02:29,315 --> 00:02:31,050 SOMETIMES WE NEED TO TAKE A 23 00:02:31,117 --> 00:02:32,619 CLOSER LOOK TO GET A BETTER 24 00:02:32,685 --> 00:02:33,853 UNDERSTANDING OF HOW OUR PLANET 25 00:02:33,920 --> 00:02:35,588 IS WORKING AND THAT IS THE 26 00:02:35,655 --> 00:02:37,724 PURPOSE OF NASA'S EARTH SCIENCE 27 00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:38,458 FIELD CAMPAIGN. 28 00:02:38,525 --> 00:02:40,960 UNDER NASA'S SUPPORT, SCIENTISTS 29 00:02:41,027 --> 00:02:43,029 GET UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL WITH 30 00:02:43,096 --> 00:02:46,733 THEIR SUBJECT MATTER, MAKING 31 00:02:46,799 --> 00:02:48,268 OBSERVATION, TO UNLOCK NEW 32 00:02:48,334 --> 00:02:51,437 UNDERSTANDING OF HOW OUR WORLD 33 00:02:51,504 --> 00:02:51,738 WORKS. 34 00:02:51,804 --> 00:02:53,673 TODAY WE'RE GIVING YOU CAMPAIGNS 35 00:02:53,740 --> 00:02:56,075 HEADED INTO FIELD THIS YEAR WITH 36 00:02:56,142 --> 00:03:02,415 NASA AIRCRAFT IN TOE. 37 00:03:02,482 --> 00:03:04,017 THESE MULTIYEAR FUNDED CAMPAIGNS 38 00:03:04,083 --> 00:03:05,718 WERE CHOSEN FOR THEIR POTENTIAL 39 00:03:05,785 --> 00:03:06,886 TO NOT ONLY BETTER UNDERSTAND 40 00:03:06,953 --> 00:03:08,388 THE CURRENT STATE OF OUR WORLD 41 00:03:08,454 --> 00:03:10,523 BUT ALSO TO PREDICT CHANGE. 42 00:03:10,590 --> 00:03:11,724 THIS YEAR'S CLASS IS ALL 43 00:03:11,791 --> 00:03:12,091 AMERICAN. 44 00:03:12,158 --> 00:03:14,861 ALL THE CAMPAIGNS ARE BASED OUT 45 00:03:14,928 --> 00:03:17,096 OF THE CONTINENT OF THE UNITED 46 00:03:17,163 --> 00:03:17,730 STATES. 47 00:03:17,797 --> 00:03:19,065 LET'S PREVIEW THOSE FIVE 48 00:03:19,132 --> 00:03:19,465 CAMPAIGNS. 49 00:03:19,532 --> 00:03:22,068 STARTING FROM THE WEST COAST, 50 00:03:22,135 --> 00:03:25,171 OUT OF NASA AMES AND SILICONE 51 00:03:25,238 --> 00:03:27,907 VALLEY, OCEAN DYNAMICS 52 00:03:27,974 --> 00:03:32,111 EXPERIMENTS OR S-MODE OFF THE 53 00:03:32,178 --> 00:03:34,914 COAST OF SAN FRANCISCO, TO STUDY 54 00:03:34,981 --> 00:03:36,950 HOW SWIRLING WATER FAIR WELL IN 55 00:03:37,016 --> 00:03:39,719 HEAT BETWEEN OCEAN AND THE 56 00:03:39,786 --> 00:03:40,119 ATMOSPHERE. 57 00:03:40,186 --> 00:03:41,120 FROM KANSAS, DYNAMICS AND 58 00:03:41,187 --> 00:03:44,190 CHEMISTRY OF THE STRATOSPHERE 59 00:03:44,257 --> 00:03:49,762 WILL FLY HIGH WITH NASA'S ER-2 60 00:03:49,829 --> 00:03:52,198 AIRCRAFT THAT CHANGES CHEMISTRY 61 00:03:52,265 --> 00:03:53,666 INCLUDING THE OZONE. 62 00:03:53,733 --> 00:03:56,369 FLYING OUT OF NEW ORLEANS AND 63 00:03:56,436 --> 00:03:57,203 NASA'S JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, 64 00:03:57,270 --> 00:03:59,806 NASA AIRCRAFT WILL JOIN 65 00:03:59,872 --> 00:04:03,376 RESEARCHERS FOR THE DEL IT-X 66 00:04:03,443 --> 00:04:04,811 MISSION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 67 00:04:04,877 --> 00:04:06,846 DELTA TO GET A BETTER HAND ON 68 00:04:06,913 --> 00:04:11,684 WHY SOME PARTS OF THE DEL ARE -- 69 00:04:11,751 --> 00:04:14,354 DELTAS ARE DISAPPEARING. 70 00:04:14,420 --> 00:04:18,524 IN VIRGINIA, NASA AIRCRAFT OVER 71 00:04:18,591 --> 00:04:20,560 THE WEST ATLANTIC EXPERIMENT, 72 00:04:20,627 --> 00:04:24,664 WILL MANEUVER TO IDENTIFY HOW 73 00:04:24,731 --> 00:04:26,566 TINY PARTICLES INTERACT WITH 74 00:04:26,633 --> 00:04:28,234 WEATHER AND CLIMATE. 75 00:04:28,301 --> 00:04:30,136 LASTLY PART OF THE INVESTIGATION 76 00:04:30,203 --> 00:04:33,606 OF MICROPHYSICS AND ATLANTA 77 00:04:33,673 --> 00:04:38,678 COAST SNOWSTORMS OR IMPACTS, IN 78 00:04:38,745 --> 00:04:40,680 THE EASTERN SHORE WILL FLY HEAD 79 00:04:40,747 --> 00:04:41,781 ON INTO SNOWSTORMS TO 80 00:04:41,848 --> 00:04:43,516 INVESTIGATE HOW THE MOST INTENSE 81 00:04:43,583 --> 00:04:46,486 SNOWFALL IS FORMED IN ORDER TO 82 00:04:46,552 --> 00:04:48,388 IMPROVE OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE 83 00:04:48,454 --> 00:04:53,159 AND ULTIMATELY IMPROVE WEATHER 84 00:04:53,226 --> 00:04:53,493 FORECASTS. 85 00:04:53,559 --> 00:04:55,728 WITH WINTER UPON US, ACROSS 86 00:04:55,795 --> 00:04:58,331 PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, IMPACT IS 87 00:04:58,398 --> 00:04:59,866 PROBABLY THE BEST PLACE TO 88 00:04:59,932 --> 00:05:00,533 START. 89 00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:04,837 WELCOMING ON TO THE STAGE IS 90 00:05:04,904 --> 00:05:08,007 LINDA WHO IS THE LEAD SCIENTISTS 91 00:05:08,074 --> 00:05:10,810 FOR IMPACT. 92 00:05:10,877 --> 00:05:12,945 THANKS FOR JOINING US. 93 00:05:13,012 --> 00:05:15,415 >> GREAT TO BE HERE. 94 00:05:15,481 --> 00:05:18,785 >> WE'RE LOOKING THE CLOUDS. 95 00:05:18,851 --> 00:05:21,087 COULD YOU TELL US MORE ABOUT 96 00:05:21,154 --> 00:05:21,888 THAT? 97 00:05:21,954 --> 00:05:23,222 >> SURE, I'LL BE HAPPY TO. 98 00:05:23,289 --> 00:05:27,360 AS YOU KNOW, SNOWSTORMS ARE 99 00:05:27,427 --> 00:05:28,361 FAIRLY LARGE AND CLOUD SYSTEMS 100 00:05:28,428 --> 00:05:29,996 WITH THEM SPAN HUNDRED BEES AND 101 00:05:30,063 --> 00:05:31,497 HUNDREDS OF MILES. 102 00:05:31,564 --> 00:05:33,766 WHAT'S REALLY INTERESTING IS THE 103 00:05:33,833 --> 00:05:34,867 SNOWFALL WITHIN THESE LARGE 104 00:05:34,934 --> 00:05:38,471 AREAS OF CLOUDS ARE NOT EVENLY 105 00:05:38,538 --> 00:05:38,905 DISTRIBUTED. 106 00:05:38,971 --> 00:05:40,440 THEY ARE OFTEN ORGANIZED IN 107 00:05:40,506 --> 00:05:43,509 NARROW BANDS OF HIGH SNOWFALL 108 00:05:43,576 --> 00:05:43,843 AMOUNTS. 109 00:05:43,910 --> 00:05:45,712 THIS IS WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO 110 00:05:45,778 --> 00:05:47,547 INVESTIGATE IS THE PROCESSES 111 00:05:47,613 --> 00:05:50,083 THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THIS BANDED 112 00:05:50,149 --> 00:05:52,819 STRUCTURE AND HOW IT VARIES FROM 113 00:05:52,885 --> 00:05:53,686 STORM TO STORM. 114 00:05:53,753 --> 00:05:55,421 SYMPTOM STORMS DONE HAVE THE 115 00:05:55,488 --> 00:05:57,190 BANDS AND OTHERS DO HAVE THEM. 116 00:05:57,256 --> 00:06:00,126 WE ARE STUDYING THIS ON MULTIPLE 117 00:06:00,193 --> 00:06:02,195 SCALES FROM THE LARGER SCALE 118 00:06:02,261 --> 00:06:04,497 DOWN TO THE MICROPHYSICAL SCALE. 119 00:06:04,564 --> 00:06:07,800 THE SCALE OF THE SNOW CRYSTALS 120 00:06:07,867 --> 00:06:08,201 THEMSELVES. 121 00:06:08,267 --> 00:06:09,702 THEY VARY A LOT. 122 00:06:09,769 --> 00:06:12,605 THEY VARY IN SHAPE AND SIZE AND 123 00:06:12,672 --> 00:06:14,640 AMOUNT AND SNOW CRYSTALS ARE ONE 124 00:06:14,707 --> 00:06:17,410 OF THE FEE FEATURES -- KEY 125 00:06:17,477 --> 00:06:20,480 FEATURES THAT WE ARE STUDYING. 126 00:06:20,546 --> 00:06:21,314 >> YOU'RE THE FIRST CAMPAIGN UP 127 00:06:21,380 --> 00:06:21,881 THIS YEAR. 128 00:06:21,948 --> 00:06:23,750 YOU'RE HEADING OUT NEXT WEEK. 129 00:06:23,816 --> 00:06:25,251 >> I'M HEADING OUT NEXT WEEK. 130 00:06:25,318 --> 00:06:27,253 WE ARE THE FIRST CAMPAIGN TO 131 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:27,553 START. 132 00:06:27,620 --> 00:06:30,690 ACTUALLY IN TWO DAYS I LEAVE FOR 133 00:06:30,757 --> 00:06:31,023 WALLOP. 134 00:06:31,090 --> 00:06:32,525 WE ARE GOING TO BE FLYING AN 135 00:06:32,592 --> 00:06:34,360 AIRCRAFT THAT YOU'LL BE SEEING 136 00:06:34,427 --> 00:06:34,927 LATER TODAY. 137 00:06:34,994 --> 00:06:37,196 THE ER-2. 138 00:06:37,263 --> 00:06:39,966 IT'S ALREADY EQUIPPED WITH ALL 139 00:06:40,032 --> 00:06:42,635 THE INSTRUMENTS THAT I NEED FOR 140 00:06:42,702 --> 00:06:47,073 MY CAMPAIGN. 141 00:06:47,140 --> 00:06:49,308 THEY WILL BE FLYING ABOVE THE 142 00:06:49,375 --> 00:06:52,311 SNOWSTORMS ALTITUDES OF 143 00:06:52,378 --> 00:06:52,712 68,000 FEET. 144 00:06:52,779 --> 00:06:55,848 IT WILL BE EQUIPPED WITH REMOTE 145 00:06:55,915 --> 00:06:57,283 SENSING INSTRUMENTS SAME ON THE 146 00:06:57,350 --> 00:06:58,918 SATELLITES. 147 00:06:58,985 --> 00:07:01,554 RADARS AND RADIOMETERS. 148 00:07:01,621 --> 00:07:04,090 BELOW THAT IN COORDINATION WITH 149 00:07:04,157 --> 00:07:07,493 THE ER-2, WE WILL FLY THE P-3 150 00:07:07,560 --> 00:07:07,860 AIRCRAFT. 151 00:07:07,927 --> 00:07:10,062 IT GETS TO FLY IN THE SNOW 152 00:07:10,129 --> 00:07:10,897 CLOUDS THEMSELVES. 153 00:07:10,963 --> 00:07:13,633 KIND OF BUMPY SOMETIMES BECAUSE 154 00:07:13,699 --> 00:07:15,401 IT'S VERY TURBULENT. 155 00:07:15,468 --> 00:07:20,006 IT'S EQUIPPED WITH INSTRUMENTS 156 00:07:20,072 --> 00:07:21,340 THAT MEASURE THE SNOW CRYSTALS 157 00:07:21,407 --> 00:07:23,543 THAT I TALKED ABOUT AND ALSO 158 00:07:23,609 --> 00:07:25,511 ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE SNOW 159 00:07:25,578 --> 00:07:26,312 CRYSTAL FORM. 160 00:07:26,379 --> 00:07:30,950 SO THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. 161 00:07:31,017 --> 00:07:33,853 WE'LL HAVE A DROP ZONE AND 162 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:36,389 MEASURE THE TEMPERATURE AND 163 00:07:36,455 --> 00:07:37,857 WIND. 164 00:07:37,924 --> 00:07:39,425 >> THE POINT OF TWO AIRCRAFTS. 165 00:07:39,492 --> 00:07:40,693 YOU NEED ONE GOING THROUGH THE 166 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:42,929 SNOW BANDS AND THE OTHER ONE 167 00:07:42,995 --> 00:07:44,430 WILL BE -- 168 00:07:44,497 --> 00:07:45,431 >> ABOVE THE SNOW. 169 00:07:45,498 --> 00:07:48,734 WE NEED THE COORDINATION TO HELP 170 00:07:48,801 --> 00:07:50,970 US UNDERSTAND HOW ONE MEASURES 171 00:07:51,037 --> 00:07:52,839 FROM SPACE. 172 00:07:52,905 --> 00:07:55,174 ER-2 IS SIMULATING THE 173 00:07:55,241 --> 00:07:55,541 SATELLITE. 174 00:07:55,608 --> 00:07:56,909 WE TAKE MEASUREMENTS JUST LIKE A 175 00:07:56,976 --> 00:07:57,810 SATELLITE WOULD. 176 00:07:57,877 --> 00:08:00,313 WE MEASURE INSIDE THE SNOW BANDS 177 00:08:00,379 --> 00:08:01,180 THEMSELVES SO WE CAN RELATE 178 00:08:01,247 --> 00:08:02,949 WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE CLOUDS TO 179 00:08:03,015 --> 00:08:05,585 WHAT IS BEING SEEN ABOVE BY THE 180 00:08:05,651 --> 00:08:06,452 SATELLITE. 181 00:08:06,519 --> 00:08:06,853 >> COOL. 182 00:08:06,919 --> 00:08:08,621 I THINK THAT ANYONE WHO'S LIVED 183 00:08:08,688 --> 00:08:10,389 THROUGH SNOWY WINTER CAN 184 00:08:10,456 --> 00:08:12,525 APPRECIATE ANY EFFORT TO IMPROVE 185 00:08:12,592 --> 00:08:13,326 OUR SNOW FORECAST. 186 00:08:13,392 --> 00:08:16,128 >> I KNOW. 187 00:08:16,195 --> 00:08:17,363 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? 188 00:08:17,430 --> 00:08:18,097 >> IT'S SO IMPORTANT. 189 00:08:18,164 --> 00:08:20,766 I'M ONE OF THOSE PEOPLE WHO 190 00:08:20,833 --> 00:08:21,734 THINK SNOWSTORMS ARE BEAUTIFUL. 191 00:08:21,801 --> 00:08:22,101 THEY ARE. 192 00:08:22,168 --> 00:08:24,103 THE SNOW IS A BEAUTIFUL THING TO 193 00:08:24,170 --> 00:08:25,972 SEE AND SEE TREES COVERED WITH 194 00:08:26,038 --> 00:08:26,272 SNOW. 195 00:08:26,339 --> 00:08:31,811 WE ALL KNOW IT'S ALSO HAZARDOUS 196 00:08:31,878 --> 00:08:33,045 ESPECIALLY WITH TRANSPORTATION 197 00:08:33,112 --> 00:08:33,946 AND PUBLIC SAFETY. 198 00:08:34,013 --> 00:08:35,248 IT'S IMPORTANT TO BE ABLE TO 199 00:08:35,314 --> 00:08:36,415 FORECAST THE AMOUNT OF SNOWFALL 200 00:08:36,482 --> 00:08:37,950 AND THAT'S WHAT'S REALLY 201 00:08:38,017 --> 00:08:39,051 VARIABLE IN THESE STORMS. 202 00:08:39,118 --> 00:08:40,519 WE CAN'T DO THAT VERY WELL. 203 00:08:40,586 --> 00:08:42,855 WE NEED TO IMPROVE THAT. 204 00:08:42,922 --> 00:08:44,790 MEASUREMENTS WE MAKE IN IMPACTS 205 00:08:44,857 --> 00:08:46,792 WILL HELP US IMPROVE THOSE 206 00:08:46,859 --> 00:08:47,193 FORECASTS. 207 00:08:47,260 --> 00:08:49,762 IT WILL HELP US IMPROVE HOW WE 208 00:08:49,829 --> 00:08:54,000 MEASURE FROM SPACE SO THAT WE 209 00:08:54,066 --> 00:08:55,935 CAN MONITOR IN STORMS ALL AROUND 210 00:08:56,002 --> 00:08:57,236 THE WORLD. 211 00:08:57,303 --> 00:08:58,871 >> WHAT'S THE MOTIVATING FACTOR 212 00:08:58,938 --> 00:09:00,740 FOR YOU? 213 00:09:00,806 --> 00:09:02,074 YOU'RE A BIG FAN OF THE WEATHER 214 00:09:02,141 --> 00:09:02,909 I SEE. 215 00:09:02,975 --> 00:09:08,948 >> I'M TOTALLY A BIG FAN OF 216 00:09:09,015 --> 00:09:11,150 WEATHER. 217 00:09:11,217 --> 00:09:12,451 I DO LOT OF ACTIVITIES IN ORDER 218 00:09:12,518 --> 00:09:14,854 TO KNOW WHEN AND WHERE TO RIDE 219 00:09:14,921 --> 00:09:16,255 YOUR BIKE OR GO HIKING. 220 00:09:16,322 --> 00:09:17,490 I NEED TO DO THAT. 221 00:09:17,556 --> 00:09:19,158 IT'S REALLY EXCITING. 222 00:09:19,225 --> 00:09:21,160 SCIENTISTS AND BE ABLE TO STUDY 223 00:09:21,227 --> 00:09:22,528 THESE SNOWSTORMS AND LEARN THE 224 00:09:22,595 --> 00:09:25,264 DETAILS OF THE INSIDE OF THE 225 00:09:25,331 --> 00:09:25,598 STORMS. 226 00:09:25,665 --> 00:09:26,399 >> THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING 227 00:09:26,465 --> 00:09:26,666 US. 228 00:09:26,732 --> 00:09:28,200 >> IT'S BEEN A PLEASURE TO BE 229 00:09:28,267 --> 00:09:28,501 HERE. 230 00:09:28,567 --> 00:09:30,503 >> WE CAUGHT UP WITH MY 231 00:09:30,569 --> 00:09:32,872 COLLEAGUE CHELSEA, WHO WENT TO 232 00:09:32,939 --> 00:09:35,408 VISIT YOUR TEAMMATES THERE AS 233 00:09:35,474 --> 00:09:36,842 THEY PREPPED FOR THIS NEXT WEEK. 234 00:09:36,909 --> 00:09:41,280 SHE'S GOING TO SHOW INSIDE OF 235 00:09:41,347 --> 00:09:44,317 THE NASA AIRCRAFTS. 236 00:09:44,383 --> 00:09:44,951 >> THANKS. 237 00:09:45,017 --> 00:09:49,121 WE'RE HERE AT NASA WALLOP FLIGHT 238 00:09:49,188 --> 00:09:50,423 FACILITY IN VIRGINIA. 239 00:09:50,489 --> 00:09:54,093 AIRCRAFT BEHIND ME, THIS 240 00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:55,061 AIRCRAFT WILL BE COLLECTING DATA 241 00:09:55,127 --> 00:09:56,963 FROM THE SKIES AS EARLY AS NEXT 242 00:09:57,029 --> 00:09:57,263 WEEK. 243 00:09:57,330 --> 00:09:59,098 LET'S MEET UP WITH DEPUTY 244 00:09:59,165 --> 00:10:00,967 PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATOR FOR THE 245 00:10:01,033 --> 00:10:02,335 IMPACT MISSION DR. JOHN YORK WHO 246 00:10:02,401 --> 00:10:05,871 WILL TELL US INNER -- MORE ABOUT 247 00:10:05,938 --> 00:10:07,073 THE INSTRUMENTS ON BOARD. 248 00:10:07,139 --> 00:10:08,074 LET'S GO. 249 00:10:08,140 --> 00:10:11,243 OKAY WE'RE HERE INSIDE THE P3 250 00:10:11,310 --> 00:10:12,878 AIRCRAFT WITH DR. JOHN YORK. 251 00:10:12,945 --> 00:10:15,181 HOW YOU DOING TODAY? 252 00:10:15,247 --> 00:10:15,748 >> GOOD. 253 00:10:15,815 --> 00:10:16,949 >> THIS RESEARCH AIRCRAFT IS 254 00:10:17,016 --> 00:10:19,919 TOTALLY OUTFITTED WITH A BUNCH 255 00:10:19,986 --> 00:10:21,988 OF SCIENTIFIC GEAR. 256 00:10:22,054 --> 00:10:24,156 >> IMPACT IS CLOUD PROBES OUT ON 257 00:10:24,223 --> 00:10:28,461 THE WINGS OF THE P3. 258 00:10:28,527 --> 00:10:29,962 THESE CLOUD PROBES IS OF ICE AND 259 00:10:30,029 --> 00:10:30,796 SNOW PARTICLES. 260 00:10:30,863 --> 00:10:32,264 WE USE THE IMAGES TO DETERMINE 261 00:10:32,331 --> 00:10:34,667 THE SIZE, SHAPE AND OTHER 262 00:10:34,734 --> 00:10:35,868 PROPERTIES OF THE PARTICLES. 263 00:10:35,935 --> 00:10:38,204 THAT DATA IS TRANSMITTED INSIDE 264 00:10:38,270 --> 00:10:41,440 THE AIRPLANE TO COMPUTERS WHERE 265 00:10:41,507 --> 00:10:48,214 SCIENTISTS SIT AND MONITOR THE 266 00:10:48,280 --> 00:10:49,582 DATA AND INSTRUMENT. 267 00:10:49,648 --> 00:10:51,951 ANOTHER INSTRUMENT IS THE DROP 268 00:10:52,018 --> 00:10:52,385 SON. 269 00:10:52,451 --> 00:10:55,821 IT'S A 12-INCH TUBE KIND OF 270 00:10:55,888 --> 00:10:58,224 SIMILAR TO THE TUBE IN A PAPER 271 00:10:58,290 --> 00:10:58,524 TOWEL. 272 00:10:58,591 --> 00:11:01,494 IT HAS SENSORS INSIDE AND A 273 00:11:01,560 --> 00:11:03,763 SMALL PARACHUTE AT THE TOP. 274 00:11:03,829 --> 00:11:07,566 WE HAVE AN INSTRUMENT BACK HERE 275 00:11:07,633 --> 00:11:11,003 THAT ACTUALLY ACTS A LOT LIKE A 276 00:11:11,070 --> 00:11:11,337 CANNON. 277 00:11:11,404 --> 00:11:13,372 WE'LL SHOOT THESE DROP ZONES OUT 278 00:11:13,439 --> 00:11:15,174 INTO THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE THEY 279 00:11:15,241 --> 00:11:17,309 FALL THROUGH THE SKY ABOUT 280 00:11:17,376 --> 00:11:20,046 25 MILES AN HOUR AND MEASURE 281 00:11:20,112 --> 00:11:21,947 TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND WIND 282 00:11:22,014 --> 00:11:22,281 SPEED. 283 00:11:22,348 --> 00:11:25,017 ALL THIS DATA IS IMPORTANT FOR 284 00:11:25,084 --> 00:11:26,452 DETERMINING THE STRUCTURE OF 285 00:11:26,519 --> 00:11:28,187 SNOW BANDS. 286 00:11:28,254 --> 00:11:30,222 >> IT SEEMS LIKE SNOWSTORMS ARE 287 00:11:30,289 --> 00:11:32,825 PRETTY DIFFICULT TO PREDICT. 288 00:11:32,892 --> 00:11:35,094 HOW WILL THIS DATA HELP US 289 00:11:35,161 --> 00:11:35,494 UNDERSTAND? 290 00:11:35,561 --> 00:11:36,729 >> WE WILL COMBINE THE DATA FROM 291 00:11:36,796 --> 00:11:40,866 BOTH THE ER-2 AND THE P3. 292 00:11:40,933 --> 00:11:42,368 WHEN WE COMBINE THE DATA WE'LL 293 00:11:42,435 --> 00:11:46,405 BE ABLE TO YOU'RE THE 294 00:11:46,472 --> 00:11:47,807 MEASUREMENTS FROM SPACE 295 00:11:47,873 --> 00:11:50,943 PRECIPITATION AND ALSO THE MODEL 296 00:11:51,010 --> 00:11:51,911 PREDICTIONS OF SNOWFALL. 297 00:11:51,977 --> 00:11:52,978 >> VERY COOL. 298 00:11:53,045 --> 00:11:53,379 THANK YOU. 299 00:11:53,446 --> 00:11:55,581 IT SEEMS LIKE OUR SCIENCE TEAMS 300 00:11:55,648 --> 00:11:56,582 ARE READY. 301 00:11:56,649 --> 00:11:58,084 OUR INSTRUMENT TEAMS ARE READY. 302 00:11:58,150 --> 00:11:59,185 THERE'S ONE MORE PERSON WE HAVE 303 00:11:59,251 --> 00:12:00,619 TO TALK TO BEFORE WE GET THIS 304 00:12:00,686 --> 00:12:01,420 MISSION OFF THE GROUND. 305 00:12:01,487 --> 00:12:03,556 THAT IS OUR NASA PILOT. 306 00:12:03,622 --> 00:12:06,892 JOINING US HERE TODAY IS NASA 307 00:12:06,959 --> 00:12:08,527 PILOT JOHN, THANK YOU FOR BEING 308 00:12:08,594 --> 00:12:08,928 WITH US. 309 00:12:08,994 --> 00:12:11,864 WHAT IS IT LIKE FLYING THROUGH 310 00:12:11,931 --> 00:12:12,765 THESE SNOWSTORMS? 311 00:12:12,832 --> 00:12:15,367 >> IT SHOULDN'T BE TOO DIFFERENT 312 00:12:15,434 --> 00:12:16,535 FLYING THROUGH THE SNOWSTORMS. 313 00:12:16,602 --> 00:12:18,537 LIKE TO AVOID THINGS LIKE 314 00:12:18,604 --> 00:12:20,372 TURBULENT, CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY 315 00:12:20,439 --> 00:12:23,742 AND ICING. 316 00:12:23,809 --> 00:12:25,511 WE DON'T USUALLY HAVE WORRY 317 00:12:25,578 --> 00:12:26,645 ABOUT THE LIGHTNING AND THE HAIL 318 00:12:26,712 --> 00:12:28,948 LIKE WE WOULD IN THE SUMMER. 319 00:12:29,014 --> 00:12:29,882 THERE WILL BE TURBULENCE AND 320 00:12:29,949 --> 00:12:31,650 WIND AND THERE WILL BE ICING 321 00:12:31,717 --> 00:12:32,051 CONDITIONS. 322 00:12:32,118 --> 00:12:34,420 GOOD NEWS, P3 AIRCRAFT WILL BE 323 00:12:34,487 --> 00:12:37,156 FLYING HAS VERY ROBUST 324 00:12:37,223 --> 00:12:41,727 ANTI-ICING AND DEICING SYSTEMS. 325 00:12:41,794 --> 00:12:43,496 WE SHOULD BE PRETTY GOOD IN BOTH 326 00:12:43,562 --> 00:12:43,829 CASES. 327 00:12:43,896 --> 00:12:45,331 JUST KEEP AN EYE OUT AND MAKE 328 00:12:45,397 --> 00:12:47,199 SURE WE STAY OUT OF THE WORST 329 00:12:47,266 --> 00:12:47,733 AREAS. 330 00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:49,935 >> IT SEEMS LIKE FLYING 331 00:12:50,002 --> 00:12:50,636 CONDITIONS, WHILE DIFFICULT 332 00:12:50,703 --> 00:12:52,304 MAYBE OKAY FOR THE PILOT, WHAT 333 00:12:52,371 --> 00:12:53,806 ABOUT THE PASSENGERS ON BOARD? 334 00:12:53,873 --> 00:12:55,941 HOW WOULD IT FEEL TAKING THIS 335 00:12:56,008 --> 00:12:57,710 FLIGHT COMPARE TO A COMMERCIAL 336 00:12:57,776 --> 00:12:59,044 FLIGHT DURING THE HOLIDAYS? 337 00:12:59,111 --> 00:13:00,146 >> IT SHOULDN'T BE TOO 338 00:13:00,212 --> 00:13:00,579 DIFFERENT. 339 00:13:00,646 --> 00:13:01,780 THERE MIGHT BE SOME AREAS WE 340 00:13:01,847 --> 00:13:04,416 HAVE TO FLY IN THAT ARE MORE 341 00:13:04,483 --> 00:13:06,051 TURBULENT IN A REGULAR FLIGHT. 342 00:13:06,118 --> 00:13:08,287 OVERALL, IT SHOULD BE IN PRETTY 343 00:13:08,354 --> 00:13:09,455 GOOD SHAPE JUST TO GET A GOOD 344 00:13:09,522 --> 00:13:10,856 SEAT BELT AND NOT WALKING AROUND 345 00:13:10,923 --> 00:13:12,525 AND THEY SHOULD BE OKAY. 346 00:13:12,591 --> 00:13:15,794 >> I HAVE TO ASK, I'M CURIOUS, 347 00:13:15,861 --> 00:13:19,165 THIS IS THE COOLEST JOB IN THE 348 00:13:19,231 --> 00:13:19,565 WORLD. 349 00:13:19,632 --> 00:13:21,700 >> IT IS A PRETTY COOL JOB. 350 00:13:21,767 --> 00:13:23,569 IN GENERAL, MOST PEOPLE GET 351 00:13:23,636 --> 00:13:24,770 THEIR BACKGROUND IN THE 352 00:13:24,837 --> 00:13:25,304 MILITARY. 353 00:13:25,371 --> 00:13:28,207 THAT'S BECAUSE WE FLY LOT OF 354 00:13:28,274 --> 00:13:28,908 DIFFERENT AIRCRAFTS HERE AND 355 00:13:28,974 --> 00:13:31,110 SOME OF THE OTHER CENTERS. 356 00:13:31,177 --> 00:13:32,645 WE FLY IN CONDITIONS THAT MOST 357 00:13:32,711 --> 00:13:33,412 PEOPLE AVOID. 358 00:13:33,479 --> 00:13:34,380 THEY'RE LOOKING FOR PEOPLE THAT 359 00:13:34,446 --> 00:13:36,081 HAVE A LOT OF EXPERIENCE AND 360 00:13:36,148 --> 00:13:37,983 KIND OF HANDLE A WIDE RANGE OF 361 00:13:38,050 --> 00:13:39,318 FLIGHT CONDITIONS AND YOU 362 00:13:39,385 --> 00:13:40,853 USUALLY WILL FIND THAT IN 363 00:13:40,920 --> 00:13:41,453 MILITARY. 364 00:13:41,520 --> 00:13:42,488 >> GREAT, THANK YOU FOR JOINING 365 00:13:42,555 --> 00:13:43,455 US HERE TODAY. 366 00:13:43,522 --> 00:13:45,558 FROM ALL OF US HERE AT WALLOP, 367 00:13:45,624 --> 00:13:47,393 HAPPY FLYING AND BEST OF LUCK 368 00:13:47,459 --> 00:13:48,494 DURING YOUR MISSION. 369 00:13:48,561 --> 00:13:50,796 SAMSON, BACK TO YOU. 370 00:13:50,863 --> 00:13:51,864 >> GREAT, THANKS SO MUCH 371 00:13:51,931 --> 00:13:52,298 CHELSEA. 372 00:13:52,364 --> 00:13:54,600 MOVING ON FROM EAST COAST 373 00:13:54,667 --> 00:13:56,535 SNOWSTORMS TO INTENSE SUMMERTIME 374 00:13:56,602 --> 00:13:57,603 STORMS THAT REACH THE 375 00:13:57,670 --> 00:13:59,138 STRATOSPHERE IN THE MIDWEST. 376 00:13:59,205 --> 00:14:04,176 JOINING US RIGHT NOW IS KEN 377 00:14:04,243 --> 00:14:08,013 BAUMAN AT TEXAS A&M WHO'S ALSO 378 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:11,750 LEAD SCIENTIST OF THE SUMMER 379 00:14:11,817 --> 00:14:12,184 STRATOSPHERE. 380 00:14:12,251 --> 00:14:12,751 >> GOOD MORNING. 381 00:14:12,818 --> 00:14:14,019 IT'S GREAT TO BE HERE. 382 00:14:14,086 --> 00:14:16,522 >> I THINK IT'S INTERESTING, 383 00:14:16,589 --> 00:14:20,159 WHILE MOST OF OUR WEATHER 384 00:14:20,226 --> 00:14:27,499 HAPPENS IN THE -- DO YOU WANT TO 385 00:14:27,566 --> 00:14:28,400 TALK ABOUT THE BACKGROUND ON 386 00:14:28,467 --> 00:14:31,136 THAT AND HOW YOU PLAN ON 387 00:14:31,203 --> 00:14:31,804 INVESTIGATING? 388 00:14:31,870 --> 00:14:32,204 >> SURE. 389 00:14:32,271 --> 00:14:35,007 AS YOU SAID, MOST OF THE EARTH'S 390 00:14:35,074 --> 00:14:37,543 WEATHER HAPPENS IN THE LOWEST 391 00:14:37,610 --> 00:14:41,413 LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE WHICH IS 392 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:54,326 THE TROPSHERE. 393 00:14:54,393 --> 00:14:56,295 SOME STORMS ARE INTENSE ENOUGH 394 00:14:56,362 --> 00:14:59,798 THAT THEY OVERSHOOT THE TOP OF 395 00:14:59,865 --> 00:15:02,301 THE TROPSHERE INTO THE LOWER 396 00:15:02,368 --> 00:15:02,735 STRATOSPHERE. 397 00:15:02,801 --> 00:15:05,104 THEY CARRY WATER AND POLLUTANTS 398 00:15:05,170 --> 00:15:09,408 AND PARTICLES AND THINGS INTO 399 00:15:09,475 --> 00:15:10,276 THE STRATOSPHERE. 400 00:15:10,342 --> 00:15:13,279 >> I'M GUESSING YOU NEED 401 00:15:13,345 --> 00:15:14,146 SPECIALIZED AIRCRAFT TO GET THAT 402 00:15:14,213 --> 00:15:15,381 HIGH UP? 403 00:15:15,447 --> 00:15:15,781 >> YES. 404 00:15:15,848 --> 00:15:17,316 JUST LIKE IMPACTS, WE'RE GOING 405 00:15:17,383 --> 00:15:21,453 TO BE USING NASA ER-2, HIGH 406 00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:23,188 ALTITUDE RESEARCH AIRCRAFT. 407 00:15:23,255 --> 00:15:25,724 IT'S REALLY UNIQUE PLATFORM FOR 408 00:15:25,791 --> 00:15:26,725 MAKING THE KIND OF MEASUREMENTS 409 00:15:26,792 --> 00:15:28,093 THAT WE NEED TO DO. 410 00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:30,396 UNLIKE IMPACTS, WHICH IS USING 411 00:15:30,462 --> 00:15:33,365 REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS FOR 412 00:15:33,432 --> 00:15:37,202 OUR PROJECT, THE ER-2 WILL BE 413 00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:38,904 CARRYING 12 DIFFERENT 414 00:15:38,971 --> 00:15:40,706 INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE 415 00:15:40,773 --> 00:15:43,108 ATMOSPHERIC GASES AND PARTICLES 416 00:15:43,175 --> 00:15:53,452 AND METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS. 417 00:15:53,519 --> 00:15:57,323 >> THE BIG QUESTION IS, WHY IS 418 00:15:57,389 --> 00:16:00,059 THIS A PRESSING QUESTION? 419 00:16:00,125 --> 00:16:01,894 >> THE STRATOSPHERE IS ACTUALLY 420 00:16:01,960 --> 00:16:03,329 QUITE IMPORTANT FOR THE EARTH 421 00:16:03,395 --> 00:16:05,631 CLIMATE AND IT CONTAINS THE 422 00:16:05,698 --> 00:16:08,100 OZONE LAYER WHICH IS VULNERABLE 423 00:16:08,167 --> 00:16:09,668 TO POLLUTANTS WHEN THEY GET UP 424 00:16:09,735 --> 00:16:11,203 IN THE STRATOSPHERE. 425 00:16:11,270 --> 00:16:14,840 WE'RE GOING TO BE STUDYING THE 426 00:16:14,907 --> 00:16:15,441 SUMMERTIME STRATOSPHERE. 427 00:16:15,507 --> 00:16:18,844 THERE ARE LOT OF THINGS WE DON'T 428 00:16:18,911 --> 00:16:20,412 KNOW ABOUT THE COMPOSITION AND 429 00:16:20,479 --> 00:16:21,914 THE RADIATION AND THE DYNAMICS 430 00:16:21,980 --> 00:16:24,683 OF THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE. 431 00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:27,386 THE MAIN GOAL IS TO MAKE SURE WE 432 00:16:27,453 --> 00:16:29,355 UNDERSTAND HOW THE STRATOSPHERE 433 00:16:29,421 --> 00:16:32,958 WORK NOW SO THAT AS THE CLIMATE 434 00:16:33,025 --> 00:16:34,326 CHANGES AND THE COMPOSITION OF 435 00:16:34,393 --> 00:16:38,464 THE ATMOSPHERE CONTINUES TO 436 00:16:38,530 --> 00:16:39,932 CHANGE, WE'LL BE ABLE TO PREDICT 437 00:16:39,998 --> 00:16:44,370 AND BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW THE 438 00:16:44,436 --> 00:16:45,070 STRATOSPHERE HEIGHT CHANGE IN 439 00:16:45,137 --> 00:16:45,471 THE FUTURE. 440 00:16:45,537 --> 00:16:46,772 >> LOT OF CAMPAIGNS, SCIENTISTS 441 00:16:46,839 --> 00:16:49,141 HAVE SOME SORT OF IDEA WHAT WE 442 00:16:49,208 --> 00:16:50,142 EXPECT TO FIND. 443 00:16:50,209 --> 00:16:52,644 THERE'S A CASE WHERE IT'S A REAL 444 00:16:52,711 --> 00:16:53,946 DISCOVERY MISSION. 445 00:16:54,012 --> 00:16:55,547 YOU'RE NOT SURE WHAT WILL 446 00:16:55,614 --> 00:16:55,881 HAPPEN. 447 00:16:55,948 --> 00:16:56,849 THIS IS VERY NOVEL RESULTS 448 00:16:56,915 --> 00:16:57,516 COMING FORWARD. 449 00:16:57,583 --> 00:16:58,917 >> THIS IS THE FIRST MISSION 450 00:16:58,984 --> 00:17:00,586 THAT'S REALLY BEEN DESIGNED 451 00:17:00,652 --> 00:17:03,088 SPECIFICALLY TO LOOK AT THESE 452 00:17:03,155 --> 00:17:04,356 OVERSHOOTING THUNDERSTORMS AND 453 00:17:04,423 --> 00:17:07,292 WHAT THEY PUT IN THE LOWER 454 00:17:07,359 --> 00:17:07,726 STRATOSPHERE. 455 00:17:07,793 --> 00:17:09,228 WE'VE SEEN GLIMPSES OF THIS ON 456 00:17:09,294 --> 00:17:12,498 PREVIOUS MISSIONS THAT HAPPEN TO 457 00:17:12,564 --> 00:17:13,932 HIGH THROUGH THE STORMS. 458 00:17:13,999 --> 00:17:15,901 WE EXPECT TO BE TARGETING THESE 459 00:17:15,968 --> 00:17:18,103 ON ALMOST A DAILY BASIS. 460 00:17:18,170 --> 00:17:20,305 THEY HAPPEN OVER THE CENTRAL 461 00:17:20,372 --> 00:17:21,673 U.S. 462 00:17:21,740 --> 00:17:24,309 >> COOL. 463 00:17:24,376 --> 00:17:25,144 YOU COULD HAVE PICKED ANYWHERE 464 00:17:25,210 --> 00:17:27,146 IN THE ATMOSPHERE TO STUDY. 465 00:17:27,212 --> 00:17:28,580 YOU'RE FOCUSED ON THIS AREA. 466 00:17:28,647 --> 00:17:31,884 WHY IS THAT? 467 00:17:31,950 --> 00:17:32,951 >> WE'RE DOING LOT OF DIFFERENT 468 00:17:33,018 --> 00:17:35,120 THINGS RANGING FROM CHEMISTRY TO 469 00:17:35,187 --> 00:17:36,722 SMALL SCALE DYNAMICS TO GLOBAL 470 00:17:36,789 --> 00:17:38,924 SCALE DYNAMICS. 471 00:17:38,991 --> 00:17:40,492 MY PERSONAL INTEREST IN THE 472 00:17:40,559 --> 00:17:43,061 PROJECT IS REALLY AN ATMOSPHERE 473 00:17:43,128 --> 00:17:46,231 TRANSPORT IN MIXING. 474 00:17:46,298 --> 00:17:47,399 IF YOU STIRRED CREAM INTO A 475 00:17:47,466 --> 00:17:49,368 COFFEE CUP AND YOU LOOKED AT THE 476 00:17:49,435 --> 00:17:50,702 BEAUTIFUL PATTERNS THAT YOU GET 477 00:17:50,769 --> 00:17:54,339 AS IT MIXES INTO THE COFFEE, THE 478 00:17:54,406 --> 00:17:55,574 SAME THING ACTUALLY HAPPENS IN 479 00:17:55,641 --> 00:17:56,975 THE ATMOSPHERE BUT IT SCALES A 480 00:17:57,042 --> 00:17:58,210 MILLION TIMES LARGER. 481 00:17:58,277 --> 00:18:00,679 THESE STORMS INJECT MATERIAL AND 482 00:18:00,746 --> 00:18:01,713 I'M REALLY INTERESTED IN HOW 483 00:18:01,780 --> 00:18:03,982 THAT GETS MIXED AND DISTRIBUTED 484 00:18:04,049 --> 00:18:07,920 ALL THE WAY AROUND THE GLOBE. 485 00:18:07,986 --> 00:18:10,522 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH, KEN. 486 00:18:10,589 --> 00:18:10,956 >> THANKS. 487 00:18:11,023 --> 00:18:12,057 >> WE'RE PRETTY LUCKY TODAY. 488 00:18:12,124 --> 00:18:14,960 JOINING US ON THE HANGAR IS ONE 489 00:18:15,027 --> 00:18:18,464 OF NASA'S PILOT. 490 00:18:18,530 --> 00:18:19,932 DEAN, WHO WILL GIVE US INSIGHTS 491 00:18:19,998 --> 00:18:22,468 WHAT IT'S LIKE TO FLY IN THE 492 00:18:22,534 --> 00:18:27,706 RAREFIED SPACE ON THE ER-2. 493 00:18:27,773 --> 00:18:29,608 >> GOOD MORNING. 494 00:18:29,675 --> 00:18:32,144 THANK YOU FOR COMING OUT TODAY. 495 00:18:32,211 --> 00:18:33,645 THE PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATORS AND 496 00:18:33,712 --> 00:18:35,481 THE SCIENCE TEAMS ON SOME OF THE 497 00:18:35,547 --> 00:18:37,082 CAMPAIGNS WE HAVE COMING UP AT 498 00:18:37,149 --> 00:18:38,183 NASA, THE AIRCRAFT YOU SEE 499 00:18:38,250 --> 00:18:40,719 BEHIND ME IS THE ER-2. 500 00:18:40,786 --> 00:18:43,021 THAT BECOMES THE INSTRUMENT OF 501 00:18:43,088 --> 00:18:44,423 CHOICE AS FAR AS PLATFORM THAT 502 00:18:44,490 --> 00:18:47,392 CAN CARRY A LARGE PACKAGE OF 503 00:18:47,459 --> 00:18:48,160 INSTRUMENTS FROM MULTIPLE TEAMS 504 00:18:48,227 --> 00:18:50,395 BUT WANT TO LOOK THROUGH THE 505 00:18:50,462 --> 00:18:51,997 ATMOSPHERE FROM THE TOP DOWN. 506 00:18:52,064 --> 00:18:55,467 IT'S STILL THE HIGHEST MAN AIR 507 00:18:55,534 --> 00:18:56,535 BREATHING AIRCRAFT IN THE WORLD. 508 00:18:56,602 --> 00:18:59,004 THERE'S FIVE OF US AT NASA THAT 509 00:18:59,071 --> 00:19:01,607 FLY THIS AIRCRAFT BEHIND ME. 510 00:19:01,673 --> 00:19:02,941 WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO TO 511 00:19:03,008 --> 00:19:05,277 SUPPORT THIS IS TAKE THIS UP IN 512 00:19:05,344 --> 00:19:07,079 A SINGLE SEAT COCKPIT WEARING 513 00:19:07,145 --> 00:19:09,248 THIS UNIFORM THAT YOU SEE. 514 00:19:09,314 --> 00:19:11,583 BUT THE IDEA IS THAT WE CAN TAKE 515 00:19:11,650 --> 00:19:13,185 THE PACKAGE OF INSTRUMENTS THAT 516 00:19:13,252 --> 00:19:14,686 ARE ACTUALLY INSTALLED ON THE 517 00:19:14,753 --> 00:19:16,121 AIRCRAFT BEHIND ME UP ABOVE 518 00:19:16,188 --> 00:19:18,924 NEARLY ALL OF THE EARTH'S 519 00:19:18,991 --> 00:19:20,259 ATMOSPHERE AND LOOK DOWN THROUGH 520 00:19:20,325 --> 00:19:22,761 IT, STUDYING WHAT YOU JUST HEARD 521 00:19:22,828 --> 00:19:25,063 ABOUT THE IMPACTS THAT WILL BE 522 00:19:25,130 --> 00:19:26,765 LOOKING FORWARD TO EXECUTING IN 523 00:19:26,832 --> 00:19:29,101 THE COMING MONTHS, THIS YEAR. 524 00:19:29,167 --> 00:19:33,705 IN THAT ENVIRONMENT, THIS IS AN 525 00:19:33,772 --> 00:19:35,140 UNSTABLE AIRCRAFT. 526 00:19:35,207 --> 00:19:35,841 SMALL COCKPIT. 527 00:19:35,908 --> 00:19:38,610 BUT WE FLY UP SO HIGH, THERE'S 528 00:19:38,677 --> 00:19:39,344 ENOUGH PRESSURE IN THE AIR TO 529 00:19:39,411 --> 00:19:42,214 KEEP ALL THE LIQUIDS IN OUR BODY 530 00:19:42,281 --> 00:19:43,348 TOGETHER. 531 00:19:43,415 --> 00:19:45,083 IF WE LOSE PRESSURIZATION, THEN 532 00:19:45,150 --> 00:19:47,486 ALL THE LIQUIDS WOULD BOIL. 533 00:19:47,553 --> 00:19:50,455 HENCE THE PILOT HAS TO WEAR THIS 534 00:19:50,522 --> 00:19:51,957 PRESSURE SUIT. 535 00:19:52,024 --> 00:19:53,492 WEARING A SPACESUIT HAS ITS OWN 536 00:19:53,559 --> 00:19:55,193 SET OF CHALLENGES. 537 00:19:55,260 --> 00:19:57,095 IT'S ACTUALLY WHY THE NASA 538 00:19:57,162 --> 00:19:58,030 PILOTS ENJOY IT. 539 00:19:58,096 --> 00:19:59,031 WE LOVE A CHALLENGE. 540 00:19:59,097 --> 00:20:00,432 WE LOVE TO LEARN. 541 00:20:00,499 --> 00:20:01,767 WE LOVE TO EXPLORE. 542 00:20:01,833 --> 00:20:03,569 FEW OF THE THINGS ABOUT THE 543 00:20:03,635 --> 00:20:06,572 SPACESUIT ITSELF THAT I'M 544 00:20:06,638 --> 00:20:08,140 WEARING NOW I'M DRESSED AS IF 545 00:20:08,206 --> 00:20:10,275 I'M READY TO CLIMB IN THE 546 00:20:10,342 --> 00:20:10,642 AIRCRAFT. 547 00:20:10,709 --> 00:20:13,512 AS WE START TO SUIT UP INTO 548 00:20:13,579 --> 00:20:15,213 THIS, THE FIRST THING THAT THE 549 00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:17,215 PILOT WILL NOTICE TYPICALLY YOU 550 00:20:17,282 --> 00:20:19,084 START TO LOSE -- THEY TAKE ALL 551 00:20:19,151 --> 00:20:20,185 YOUR SENSES AWAY. 552 00:20:20,252 --> 00:20:22,087 YOU LOSE THE SENSE OF FEEL, 553 00:20:22,154 --> 00:20:23,488 CAN'T REALLY FEEL ANYTHING WITH 554 00:20:23,555 --> 00:20:25,190 THE BIG GLOVES ON HERE. 555 00:20:25,257 --> 00:20:28,994 AS SOON AS I CLOSE THIS FACE 556 00:20:29,061 --> 00:20:31,263 PLATE, I'M COMPLETED PRESSURIZED 557 00:20:31,330 --> 00:20:31,597 INSIDE. 558 00:20:31,663 --> 00:20:36,301 I HAVE LIMITED VICTIM. 559 00:20:36,368 --> 00:20:36,568 -- 560 00:20:36,635 --> 00:20:38,604 VISIBILITY.D 561 00:20:38,670 --> 00:20:41,907 I CAN'T SMELL ANYTHING OR HEAR 562 00:20:41,974 --> 00:20:42,240 ANYBODY. 563 00:20:42,307 --> 00:20:43,108 THAT BECOMES A CHALLENGE FOR 564 00:20:43,175 --> 00:20:43,442 PEOPLE. 565 00:20:43,508 --> 00:20:44,309 WE LOVE IT. 566 00:20:44,376 --> 00:20:46,044 THIS IS LIKE ANOTHER SET OF 567 00:20:46,111 --> 00:20:46,812 PAJAMAS TO ME. 568 00:20:46,878 --> 00:20:48,780 WHAT I'LL SHOW YOU IS WHAT THAT 569 00:20:48,847 --> 00:20:51,183 LOOKS LIKE AS WE INFLATE THE 570 00:20:51,249 --> 00:20:53,151 SUIT, APPLY THE PRESSURE INTO IT 571 00:20:53,218 --> 00:20:54,419 WHICH KEEPS EVERYTHING IN MY 572 00:20:54,486 --> 00:20:56,388 BODY TOGETHER IN A HIGH 573 00:20:56,455 --> 00:21:01,627 ALTITUDE, LOW PRESSURE 574 00:21:01,693 --> 00:21:02,027 ENVIRONMENT. 575 00:21:02,094 --> 00:21:02,828 THE CHALLENGE THAT WE HAVE 576 00:21:02,894 --> 00:21:03,762 TRYING TO BE IN THIS 577 00:21:03,829 --> 00:21:05,230 ENVIRONMENT, BE PUMPED UP A 578 00:21:05,297 --> 00:21:07,633 SPACESUIT AND FLYING UNSTABLE 579 00:21:07,699 --> 00:21:08,400 AIRCRAFT AT THE SAME TIME WHERE 580 00:21:08,467 --> 00:21:10,669 WE'VE GOT TO PUT THESE SCIENCE 581 00:21:10,736 --> 00:21:11,637 INSTRUMENTS RIGHT OVER THE POINT 582 00:21:11,703 --> 00:21:13,639 WHERE THE SCIENCE TEAMS REALLY 583 00:21:13,705 --> 00:21:15,574 WANT TO STUDY WHAT'S GOING ON IN 584 00:21:15,641 --> 00:21:17,376 THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND HOW 585 00:21:17,442 --> 00:21:19,111 IT BEHAVES. 586 00:21:19,177 --> 00:21:20,646 IT'S A FASCINATING SCIENCE 587 00:21:20,712 --> 00:21:22,414 PROJECT THAT WE'RE INTO HERE. 588 00:21:22,481 --> 00:21:24,082 IT'S AN AMAZING ENVIRONMENT TO 589 00:21:24,149 --> 00:21:25,017 BE IN. 590 00:21:25,083 --> 00:21:26,885 THAT HIGH ALTITUDE, THERE'S 591 00:21:26,952 --> 00:21:28,086 NOTHING LIKE GETTING UP THERE 592 00:21:28,153 --> 00:21:29,755 WHERE YOU CAN LOOK OUT OVER THE 593 00:21:29,821 --> 00:21:32,357 DISTANCE AND SEE THE EARTH AND 594 00:21:32,424 --> 00:21:34,693 THAT DARK PURPLE TO BLACK SKY UP 595 00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:35,961 THERE THAT WE DON'T SEE DOWN 596 00:21:36,028 --> 00:21:37,529 HERE ON THE GROUND. 597 00:21:37,596 --> 00:21:40,999 WE HAVE MOISTURE THAT'S 598 00:21:41,066 --> 00:21:43,235 FILTERING THAT. 599 00:21:43,301 --> 00:21:44,369 THAT'S AN ADVENTURE AND IT'S AN 600 00:21:44,436 --> 00:21:45,103 AN AMAZING PRIVILEGE. 601 00:21:45,170 --> 00:21:46,471 WE'RE LOOKING FORWARD TO 602 00:21:46,538 --> 00:21:47,272 SUPPORTING THE SCIENCE 603 00:21:47,339 --> 00:21:51,076 CAMPAIGNS, STUDYING THE EARTH'S 604 00:21:51,143 --> 00:21:52,878 ATMOSPHERE AND ITS BEHAVIOR. 605 00:21:52,944 --> 00:21:54,713 I WILL SEAL UP THE FACE PLATE 606 00:21:54,780 --> 00:21:56,314 AND WE'LL TURN THE OXYGEN ON AND 607 00:21:56,381 --> 00:21:57,983 I'LL SHOW YOU WHAT THIS LOOKS 608 00:21:58,050 --> 00:21:59,584 LIKE PRESSURIZED AND THEN I WILL 609 00:21:59,651 --> 00:22:01,920 HAND IT BACK TO SAMSON. 610 00:22:01,987 --> 00:22:05,757 TIME TO GET BLOWN UP. 611 00:22:10,095 --> 00:22:13,031 OKAY, JUST LIKE SITTING DOWN IN 612 00:22:13,098 --> 00:22:13,765 THE COCKPIT. 613 00:22:13,832 --> 00:22:15,000 WE'LL INFLATE THE SUIT. 614 00:22:15,067 --> 00:22:16,668 I GOT TO FIGHT AGAINST THE SUIT 615 00:22:16,735 --> 00:22:39,725 TO OPERATE THE AIRCRAFT. 616 00:22:39,791 --> 00:22:44,329 AS THIS INFLATE, I HAVE TO FIGHT 617 00:22:44,396 --> 00:22:44,930 AGAINST IT. 618 00:22:44,996 --> 00:22:46,898 I GOT TO PULL THE FACE PLATE 619 00:22:46,965 --> 00:22:47,232 AROUND. 620 00:22:47,299 --> 00:22:48,533 THIS IS THE CHALLENGE I 621 00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:48,934 DESCRIBED. 622 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:50,068 WE LOVE IT. 623 00:22:50,135 --> 00:22:51,336 IT'S A GREAT ENVIRONMENT TO BE 624 00:22:51,403 --> 00:22:51,703 IN. 625 00:22:51,770 --> 00:22:53,338 IT'S AN AWESOME PRIVILEGE TO BE 626 00:22:53,405 --> 00:22:54,840 INVOLVED IN THIS STUDY OF THE 627 00:22:54,906 --> 00:22:55,807 EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE. 628 00:22:55,874 --> 00:23:02,914 SAMSON, BACK TO YOU. 629 00:23:02,981 --> 00:23:05,217 >> THAT'S QUITE THE DEMO, DEAN. 630 00:23:05,283 --> 00:23:06,685 WE'RE HEADED FROM THE TOP OF THE 631 00:23:06,752 --> 00:23:08,920 ATMOSPHERE BACK DOWN TO THE 632 00:23:08,987 --> 00:23:21,733 OCEAN BECAUSE WITH ME NOW IS TO¶ 633 00:23:21,800 --> 00:23:26,471 TOM, HI TOM. 634 00:23:26,538 --> 00:23:28,073 CAN YOU TELL US LITTLE BIT MORE 635 00:23:28,140 --> 00:23:29,374 ABOUT THAT AND HOW YOU'RE 636 00:23:29,441 --> 00:23:32,110 PLANNING ON STUDYING IT? 637 00:23:32,177 --> 00:23:32,511 >> YES. 638 00:23:32,577 --> 00:23:34,412 THE WORLD'S OCEANS ARE ABOUT A 639 00:23:34,479 --> 00:23:36,181 THOUSAND TIMES WIDER THAN THEY 640 00:23:36,248 --> 00:23:37,315 ARE DEEP. 641 00:23:37,382 --> 00:23:38,884 IF YOU WERE TO ZOOM OUT AND LOOK 642 00:23:38,950 --> 00:23:41,453 AT THE EARTH FROM OUTER SPACE, 643 00:23:41,520 --> 00:23:43,655 THE OCEANS ARE LIKE A THIN SHEET 644 00:23:43,722 --> 00:23:45,791 OF WATER COVERING THE EARTH. 645 00:23:45,857 --> 00:23:47,859 ALMOST LIKE A SHEET OF PAPER 646 00:23:47,926 --> 00:23:49,494 DRAPED OVER THE EARTH. 647 00:23:49,561 --> 00:23:52,497 BECAUSE OF THIS, THE FLOW IN THE 648 00:23:52,564 --> 00:23:56,768 OCEANS IS PRIMARILY HORIZONTAL, 649 00:23:56,835 --> 00:23:57,469 LARGER SCALE. 650 00:23:57,536 --> 00:23:59,437 THE OCEANS ARE TURBULENT AND 651 00:23:59,504 --> 00:24:02,440 THEY ARE FULL OF EDDIES AT ALL 652 00:24:02,507 --> 00:24:05,410 POSSIBLE SCALES FROM THE LARGEST 653 00:24:05,477 --> 00:24:08,713 SCALE, THE SCALE OF THE OCEAN 654 00:24:08,780 --> 00:24:11,416 GYRES DONE TO EDDIES THAT WILL 655 00:24:11,483 --> 00:24:13,919 FIT ON THE TIP OF YOUR FINGER. 656 00:24:13,985 --> 00:24:16,021 SOMETHING INTERESTING HAPPENS AS 657 00:24:16,087 --> 00:24:17,556 WE MOVE FROM THE LARGER SCALE 658 00:24:17,622 --> 00:24:20,492 DOWN TOWARDS SMALLER SCALES WHEN 659 00:24:20,559 --> 00:24:22,360 THE WIDTH OF THE EDDIES IS 660 00:24:22,427 --> 00:24:24,396 SIMILAR TO THE DEPTH OF THE 661 00:24:24,462 --> 00:24:25,197 EDDIES. 662 00:24:25,263 --> 00:24:26,965 YOU CAN HAVE SIGNIFICANT 663 00:24:27,032 --> 00:24:29,234 VERTICAL MOTIONS. 664 00:24:29,301 --> 00:24:30,635 THIS CAN BE IMPORTANT OR THE 665 00:24:30,702 --> 00:24:32,804 TRANSPORT OF THINGS LIKE HEAT 666 00:24:32,871 --> 00:24:33,505 AND NUTRIENTS. 667 00:24:33,572 --> 00:24:37,342 WE THINK THAT IT'S IMPORTANT TO 668 00:24:37,409 --> 00:24:39,444 HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE OCEAN 669 00:24:39,511 --> 00:24:40,846 AND THE ATMOSPHERE AND TO LIFE 670 00:24:40,912 --> 00:24:44,749 IN THE OCEAN. 671 00:24:44,816 --> 00:24:46,751 >> WHEN YOU HEAD OUT THERE IN 672 00:24:46,818 --> 00:24:47,519 APRIL, THIS IS GOING TO BE A 673 00:24:47,586 --> 00:24:48,653 HUGE PRODUCTION. 674 00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:49,821 YOU WANT TO DESCRIBE SOME OF THE 675 00:24:49,888 --> 00:24:51,256 MOVING PARTS INVOLVED? 676 00:24:51,323 --> 00:24:54,125 >> THERE'S A LOT GOING ON IN 677 00:24:54,192 --> 00:24:54,459 S-MODE. 678 00:24:54,526 --> 00:24:57,295 WE'LL HAVE THREE DIFFERENT 679 00:24:57,362 --> 00:24:57,996 AIRCRAFTS MAKING MEASUREMENTS 680 00:24:58,063 --> 00:24:59,064 FROM DIFFERENT ALTITUDES. 681 00:24:59,130 --> 00:25:01,466 WE NEED TO MEASURE LOT OF THINGS 682 00:25:01,533 --> 00:25:07,038 LIKE THE OCEAN CURRENTS, OCEAN 683 00:25:07,105 --> 00:25:08,340 CHLOROPHYLL, OCEAN TEMPERATURE 684 00:25:08,406 --> 00:25:09,875 AND HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN THE 685 00:25:09,941 --> 00:25:11,142 OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE. 686 00:25:11,209 --> 00:25:15,380 WE'LL HAVE THREE AIRCRAFTS AT 687 00:25:15,447 --> 00:25:16,448 NASA GULF STREAM AIRCRAFT AT 688 00:25:16,514 --> 00:25:20,719 HIGH ALTITUDES, NASA KING AIR 689 00:25:20,785 --> 00:25:26,858 B200 INTERMEDIATE ALTITUDE. 690 00:25:26,925 --> 00:25:33,064 WE'LL ALSO HAVE A RESEARCH 691 00:25:33,131 --> 00:25:35,467 VESSEL, OCEAN GRAPHIC RESEARCH 692 00:25:35,533 --> 00:25:37,269 VESSEL. 693 00:25:37,335 --> 00:25:38,336 >> LOT OF EFFORTS GOING ON HERE. 694 00:25:38,403 --> 00:25:40,505 WHAT'S THE BIG PAY OFF. 695 00:25:40,572 --> 00:25:43,141 WHY SUCH A BIG EFFORT TO PUT 696 00:25:43,208 --> 00:25:44,175 THIS EXPERIMENT IN PLACE? 697 00:25:44,242 --> 00:25:45,877 >> THE OCEANS CAN HOLD A HUGE 698 00:25:45,944 --> 00:25:48,346 AMOUNT OF HEAT. 699 00:25:48,413 --> 00:25:52,050 IF YOU TOOK JUST THE UPPER METER 700 00:25:52,117 --> 00:25:54,986 OF THE OCEANS AND COOLED THAT 701 00:25:55,053 --> 00:25:57,489 ONE METER OF WATER BY ONE DEGREE 702 00:25:57,555 --> 00:25:59,925 AND PUT THAT HEAT IN THE 703 00:25:59,991 --> 00:26:01,293 ATMOSPHERE, IT WOULD BE ENOUGH 704 00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:04,095 HEAT TO HEAT THE WHOLE PLANETARY 705 00:26:04,162 --> 00:26:08,466 ATMOSPHERE BY ONE DEGREE. 706 00:26:08,533 --> 00:26:09,834 THE HEAT TRANSPORT TO AND AWAY 707 00:26:09,901 --> 00:26:12,337 FROM THE OCEAN SURFACE IS REALLY 708 00:26:12,404 --> 00:26:12,737 IMPORTANT. 709 00:26:12,804 --> 00:26:14,205 >> IN TERMS OF THE CLIMATE 710 00:26:14,272 --> 00:26:16,274 IMPACT, I CAN SEE THAT. 711 00:26:16,341 --> 00:26:17,909 IT WILL HELP US MOVE FORWARD 712 00:26:17,976 --> 00:26:20,378 WITH THOSE KIND OF MODELING. 713 00:26:20,445 --> 00:26:22,614 ON A PERSONAL NOTE, WHY 714 00:26:22,681 --> 00:26:24,416 INTERESTED IN PHYSICAL 715 00:26:24,482 --> 00:26:25,517 OCEANOGRAPHY? 716 00:26:25,583 --> 00:26:27,752 PEOPLE THAT STUDY DOLPHINS, 717 00:26:27,819 --> 00:26:29,821 FISHES, WHAT INTEREST YOU ABOUT 718 00:26:29,888 --> 00:26:30,789 THE ACTUAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 719 00:26:30,855 --> 00:26:33,458 OF THE OCEAN? 720 00:26:33,525 --> 00:26:36,294 >> I ALWAYS ENJOYED LEARNING HOW 721 00:26:36,361 --> 00:26:38,763 THINGS WORK AND I STUDIED 722 00:26:38,830 --> 00:26:40,465 PHYSICS IN COLLEGE AND THAT WAS 723 00:26:40,532 --> 00:26:42,534 WHEN I LEARNED THERE WAS SUCH A 724 00:26:42,600 --> 00:26:46,671 THING AS OCEAN PHYSICS AND I 725 00:26:46,738 --> 00:26:48,139 BECAME A PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHER. 726 00:26:48,206 --> 00:26:49,874 IT'S BEEN SO FUN AND 727 00:26:49,941 --> 00:26:50,608 INTERESTING. 728 00:26:50,675 --> 00:26:52,577 I'VE GOTTEN TO GO ON OCEAN 729 00:26:52,644 --> 00:26:54,279 VOYAGES ALL OVER THE WORLD AND 730 00:26:54,346 --> 00:26:55,647 TO WORK WITH PEOPLE FROM ALL 731 00:26:55,714 --> 00:26:57,983 OVER THE WORLD. 732 00:26:58,049 --> 00:27:00,785 IT'S BEEN REALLY A GREAT CAREER. 733 00:27:00,852 --> 00:27:03,455 >> SOUND LIKE FUN. 734 00:27:03,521 --> 00:27:05,090 YOU CAN GO TO THE OCEAN RIGHT 735 00:27:05,156 --> 00:27:06,858 NOW AND SEE THOSE INSTRUMENTS IN 736 00:27:06,925 --> 00:27:07,192 ACTION. 737 00:27:07,258 --> 00:27:09,194 WE CAN DO THE NEXT BEST THING. 738 00:27:09,260 --> 00:27:14,833 OUR COLLEAGUES, BROUGHT A WAVE 739 00:27:14,899 --> 00:27:17,302 GLIDER, AUTONOMOUS PLATFORM INTO 740 00:27:17,369 --> 00:27:17,736 THE HANGAR. 741 00:27:17,802 --> 00:27:19,204 YOU WANT TO CHECK IT OUT NOW? 742 00:27:19,270 --> 00:27:23,708 >> LET'S DO THAT. 743 00:27:23,775 --> 00:27:24,442 >> AWESOME. 744 00:27:24,509 --> 00:27:27,212 >> THE SLIDER IS GOING TO BE ON 745 00:27:27,278 --> 00:27:32,650 THE RV OCEANAS. 746 00:27:32,717 --> 00:27:33,051 >> YES. 747 00:27:33,118 --> 00:27:34,886 THE RESEARCH VESSEL WILL GO FROM 748 00:27:34,953 --> 00:27:37,255 NEW PORT, OREGON TO THE REGION 749 00:27:37,322 --> 00:27:37,956 OFFSHORE OF SAN FRANCISCO. 750 00:27:38,023 --> 00:27:39,891 IT WILL TAKE ABOUT TWO DAYS FOR 751 00:27:39,958 --> 00:27:43,395 THE SHIP TO GET THERE. 752 00:27:43,461 --> 00:27:48,166 >> WOW. 753 00:27:48,233 --> 00:27:50,268 YOU ARE KIND OF MANNING THESE 754 00:27:50,335 --> 00:27:51,603 WAVE GLIDERS. 755 00:27:51,669 --> 00:27:53,204 THERE'S SEVERAL OF THEM. 756 00:27:53,271 --> 00:27:55,573 THEY'LL BE UNDER YOUR CARE. 757 00:27:55,640 --> 00:27:55,974 >> YES. 758 00:27:56,041 --> 00:27:57,142 I WILL BE DRIVING THEM AROUND 759 00:27:57,208 --> 00:28:00,645 AND TRYING TO KEEP THEM TOGETHER 760 00:28:00,712 --> 00:28:02,914 SO -- 761 00:28:02,981 --> 00:28:05,316 >> LOOKS LIKE A VERY LARGE 762 00:28:05,383 --> 00:28:05,683 SURFBOARD. 763 00:28:05,750 --> 00:28:07,085 LOT OF COMPLEX PARTS. 764 00:28:07,152 --> 00:28:08,286 I IMAGINE CRUISING ON THE 765 00:28:08,353 --> 00:28:10,321 SURFACE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 766 00:28:10,388 --> 00:28:11,723 DO YOU WANT TO POINT OUT SOME OF 767 00:28:11,790 --> 00:28:13,725 THE MEASUREMENTS IT'S MAKING? 768 00:28:13,792 --> 00:28:14,459 >> SURE. 769 00:28:14,526 --> 00:28:16,127 WE WILL MAKE MEASUREMENT BOTH IN 770 00:28:16,194 --> 00:28:19,297 THE AIR AND IN THE WATER. 771 00:28:19,364 --> 00:28:21,266 FOR EXAMPLE, THESE SENSORS IS A 772 00:28:21,332 --> 00:28:22,367 WEATHER STATION. 773 00:28:22,434 --> 00:28:26,304 IT'S GOING TO MEASURE THE WIND, 774 00:28:26,371 --> 00:28:30,141 SPEED, WIND DIRECTION, ALTITUDE, 775 00:28:30,208 --> 00:28:33,845 HUMIDITY, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, 776 00:28:33,912 --> 00:28:35,046 RAIN. 777 00:28:35,113 --> 00:28:37,982 ANOTHER COOL INSTRUMENT IS THE 778 00:28:38,049 --> 00:28:41,553 3D, WHICH WILL MEASURE THE 779 00:28:41,619 --> 00:28:45,323 STRUCTURE OF THE AIR FLOW OF THE 780 00:28:45,390 --> 00:28:45,657 WAVES. 781 00:28:45,723 --> 00:28:47,826 IN THE AIR, WE ALSO HAVE THE 782 00:28:47,892 --> 00:28:50,228 BUNCH OF DPS, WHICH GIVE US 783 00:28:50,295 --> 00:28:54,799 POSITION OF THE -- IT'S MOTION. 784 00:28:54,866 --> 00:29:01,339 FROM ITS MOTION, WE ARE ABOUT 785 00:29:01,406 --> 00:29:02,440 RETRIEVE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTIC 786 00:29:02,507 --> 00:29:05,510 OF THE WAVE FIELD. 787 00:29:05,577 --> 00:29:08,980 THEN WE HAVE SYMBOL OF 788 00:29:09,047 --> 00:29:09,380 INSTRUMENTS. 789 00:29:09,447 --> 00:29:12,717 IN THE WATER, THIS INSTRUMENT 790 00:29:12,784 --> 00:29:15,153 ALLOW US TO MEASURE THE 791 00:29:15,220 --> 00:29:20,425 TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER. 792 00:29:20,492 --> 00:29:27,398 ALONG THAT, WE ALSO HAVE CURRENT 793 00:29:27,465 --> 00:29:31,970 SPEED AND DIRECTION. 794 00:29:32,036 --> 00:29:34,706 >> LOT OF CAPABILITY FOR ONE 795 00:29:34,772 --> 00:29:35,907 PLATFORM. 796 00:29:35,974 --> 00:29:37,675 LOOKING AT THE TOP, ALL OF THIS 797 00:29:37,742 --> 00:29:39,444 LOOKS LIKE SOLAR PANELS. 798 00:29:39,511 --> 00:29:41,146 I WANT TO KNOW HOW THIS THING 799 00:29:41,212 --> 00:29:41,746 MOVES. 800 00:29:41,813 --> 00:29:43,148 I SEE FINS AND I SEE OTHER 801 00:29:43,214 --> 00:29:43,481 THING. 802 00:29:43,548 --> 00:29:46,618 >> THAT'S ONE OF THE COOL THINGS 803 00:29:46,684 --> 00:29:49,587 ABOUT THE WAVE LADDER. 804 00:29:49,654 --> 00:30:04,602 IT USES THE WAVES AS A MEANS. 805 00:30:04,669 --> 00:30:07,138 TO GIVE YOU THE PRINCIPLE OF THE 806 00:30:07,205 --> 00:30:19,984 OPERATION IS REALLY SIMPLE. 807 00:30:20,051 --> 00:30:25,290 BOTH OF THEM MOVE UP AND DOWN 808 00:30:25,356 --> 00:30:31,296 INTO THE ACTION OF THE WAVE. 809 00:30:31,362 --> 00:30:35,266 THIS PHYSICAL MOTION IS IN A 810 00:30:35,333 --> 00:30:35,967 HORIZONTAL MOTION. 811 00:30:36,034 --> 00:30:39,671 >> THIS IS CONTROLLED BY REMOTE 812 00:30:39,737 --> 00:30:42,640 CONTROL? 813 00:30:42,707 --> 00:30:43,775 >> EXACTLY. 814 00:30:43,841 --> 00:30:46,277 SO WE KNOW ITS POSITION AND THE 815 00:30:46,344 --> 00:30:49,781 COOL THING ABOUT IT WE DO SOME 816 00:30:49,847 --> 00:30:52,917 REALTIME PROCESSING. 817 00:30:52,984 --> 00:30:54,852 WE SEND THEM BACK TO SHORE EVERY 818 00:30:54,919 --> 00:30:58,256 15 MINUTES AND SO WE KNOW THE 819 00:30:58,323 --> 00:31:00,458 CONDITIONS THEY ARE FACING AND 820 00:31:00,525 --> 00:31:08,266 WE CAN ADJUST OPERATION. 821 00:31:08,333 --> 00:31:09,901 >> THAT'S PRETTY HIGH-TECH. 822 00:31:09,968 --> 00:31:10,702 THAT'S INCREDIBLE. 823 00:31:10,768 --> 00:31:13,471 TOM, THIS IS JUST ONE OF MANY 824 00:31:13,538 --> 00:31:14,272 INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE GOING TO BE 825 00:31:14,339 --> 00:31:15,506 IN USE ON THIS CAMPAIGN. 826 00:31:15,573 --> 00:31:17,809 WHAT IS A PERSONAL NICHE ABOUT 827 00:31:17,875 --> 00:31:20,411 THIS WAVE GLIDER? 828 00:31:20,478 --> 00:31:22,313 >> WELL, THE WAVE GLIDER, REALLY 829 00:31:22,380 --> 00:31:27,619 THE OTHER ROBOTIC PLATFORMS IN 830 00:31:27,685 --> 00:31:29,387 THE OCEAN, WILL BE GIVING US FEW 831 00:31:29,454 --> 00:31:32,056 OF THE 3D STRUCTURE OF THE 832 00:31:32,123 --> 00:31:32,357 OCEAN. 833 00:31:32,423 --> 00:31:33,491 WE'RE ESPECIALLY INTERESTED IN 834 00:31:33,558 --> 00:31:35,093 THE FLOW OF WATER SO THESE WILL 835 00:31:35,159 --> 00:31:38,830 GIVE US A 3D VIEW OF THAT WATER 836 00:31:38,896 --> 00:31:40,665 AND HOW EDDIES ARE SWIRLING AND 837 00:31:40,732 --> 00:31:42,233 THE CURRENTS ARE COMING 838 00:31:42,300 --> 00:31:43,534 TOGETHER, LEADING TO VERTICAL 839 00:31:43,601 --> 00:31:45,837 MOTION IN THE OCEAN. 840 00:31:45,903 --> 00:31:47,272 >> THAT'S VERY INTERESTING. 841 00:31:47,338 --> 00:31:48,506 WE'RE WORKING COMBINATION WITH 842 00:31:48,573 --> 00:31:51,075 THE AIRCRAFT TO GET MEASUREMENTS 843 00:31:51,142 --> 00:31:54,846 ABOVE, BELOW, VERY 4D LOOK AT 844 00:31:54,912 --> 00:31:56,047 WHAT'S GOING ON. 845 00:31:56,114 --> 00:31:56,614 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 846 00:31:56,681 --> 00:31:59,684 THE AIRCRAFT WILL GIVE US A 847 00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:00,351 GREAT SPATIAL PICTURE. 848 00:32:00,418 --> 00:32:01,919 THEY ARE SEEING JUST SURFACE OF 849 00:32:01,986 --> 00:32:04,155 THE OCEAN. 850 00:32:04,222 --> 00:32:05,790 >> GOOD LUCK WITH THE WAVE 851 00:32:05,857 --> 00:32:06,124 GLIDER. 852 00:32:06,190 --> 00:32:09,494 GOOD LUCK WITH BEING ON THAT 853 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:09,927 SHIP. 854 00:32:09,994 --> 00:32:11,362 TOM, GOOD LUCK WITH THE ENTIRE 855 00:32:11,429 --> 00:32:11,896 CAMPAIGN. 856 00:32:11,963 --> 00:32:13,431 >> THANK YOU. 857 00:32:13,498 --> 00:32:16,734 >> NEXT WE'RE MOVING ON WITH MY 858 00:32:16,801 --> 00:32:17,101 COLLEAGUE. 859 00:32:17,168 --> 00:32:18,536 HE'S ACTUALLY AT LANGLEY. 860 00:32:18,603 --> 00:32:19,570 HE'S TALKING WITH SOME OF THE 861 00:32:19,637 --> 00:32:21,973 TEAM MEMBERS FOR OUR NEXT FIELD 862 00:32:22,040 --> 00:32:22,340 CAMPAIGN. 863 00:32:22,407 --> 00:32:24,742 WE'LL TALK ABOUT, IT'S CALLED 864 00:32:24,809 --> 00:32:28,780 THE ACTIVATE MISSION. 865 00:32:28,846 --> 00:32:31,382 IT'S AERSOL METEOROLOGY 866 00:32:31,449 --> 00:32:32,917 INTERACTION. 867 00:32:32,984 --> 00:32:36,287 >> I'M AT THE HANGAR HERE AT 868 00:32:36,354 --> 00:32:41,326 NASA'S LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER 869 00:32:41,392 --> 00:32:43,428 IN HAMPTON, VIRGINIA. 870 00:32:43,494 --> 00:32:45,196 IT'S WHERE WE KEEP OUR FLEET OF 871 00:32:45,263 --> 00:32:47,231 RESEARCH AIRCRAFT WILL BE 872 00:32:47,298 --> 00:32:55,006 HOME-BASE FOR SCIENCE AND CREW. 873 00:32:55,073 --> 00:32:58,776 I'M JOINED TODAY BY LUKE, HE IS 874 00:32:58,843 --> 00:32:59,977 THE INSTRUMENT SCIENCE HERE AT 875 00:33:00,044 --> 00:33:01,646 LANGLEY FOR ACTIVATE. 876 00:33:01,713 --> 00:33:03,548 BEHIND US YOU CAN SEE THE FALCON 877 00:33:03,614 --> 00:33:04,615 AND KING AIR AIRCRAFT. 878 00:33:04,682 --> 00:33:05,650 THEY WILL BE USING. 879 00:33:05,717 --> 00:33:08,653 WHEN I LOOK BACK AT THE FALCON, 880 00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:10,688 I HAVE ALL THESE CRAZY PROBES 881 00:33:10,755 --> 00:33:11,923 STICKING OUT THE TOP. 882 00:33:11,989 --> 00:33:13,124 WHAT ARE WE LOOKING AT? 883 00:33:13,191 --> 00:33:14,325 WHAT DO THEY DO? 884 00:33:14,392 --> 00:33:16,728 >> FOR ACTIVATE, WE'RE MAKING 885 00:33:16,794 --> 00:33:17,695 LOTS OF DIFFERENT MEASUREMENTS 886 00:33:17,762 --> 00:33:19,897 SO WE NEED LOTS OF DIFFERENT 887 00:33:19,964 --> 00:33:20,565 PROBES AND INSTRUMENTS. 888 00:33:20,631 --> 00:33:22,767 IF WE LOOK AT THE CROWN OF THE 889 00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:25,837 AIRCRAFT, ON THE LEFT SIDE, IS A 890 00:33:25,903 --> 00:33:27,338 GAS INLET THAT WE USE TO BRING 891 00:33:27,405 --> 00:33:28,573 IN AIR AND MEASURE THE 892 00:33:28,639 --> 00:33:32,343 CONCENTRATIONS OF THE CO2 AND 893 00:33:32,410 --> 00:33:32,710 METHANE. 894 00:33:32,777 --> 00:33:35,380 NEXT IS AERSOL INLET THAT WE 895 00:33:35,446 --> 00:33:36,714 MEASURE THE PROPERTIES AND THE 896 00:33:36,781 --> 00:33:40,785 PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE. 897 00:33:40,852 --> 00:33:45,356 NEXT OVER IS WHAT WE CALL CDI OR 898 00:33:45,423 --> 00:33:47,525 COUNTER FLOW IMPACTER. 899 00:33:47,592 --> 00:33:50,261 WE LOOK AT DROPLETS IN THE 900 00:33:50,328 --> 00:33:50,561 PROBE. 901 00:33:50,628 --> 00:33:52,697 WE EVAPORATE THOSE DROPLETS AND 902 00:33:52,764 --> 00:33:57,668 LOOK AT THE COMPOSITION. 903 00:33:57,735 --> 00:33:59,904 LASTLY WE HAVE A CLOUD WATER, 904 00:33:59,971 --> 00:34:02,573 WHICH BRINGS THEM IN THE 905 00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:05,109 AIRCRAFT AND WE COLLECT WATER 906 00:34:05,176 --> 00:34:06,577 SAMPLES THAT WE TAKE BACK IN THE 907 00:34:06,644 --> 00:34:06,978 LABORATORY. 908 00:34:07,044 --> 00:34:07,879 >> WE HAVE SOME INSTRUMENTS ON 909 00:34:07,945 --> 00:34:10,415 THE WINGS HERE AS WELL. 910 00:34:10,481 --> 00:34:12,316 TELL US WHAT THOSE DO. 911 00:34:12,383 --> 00:34:13,518 >> WING PROBES MEASURE THE CLOUD 912 00:34:13,584 --> 00:34:13,885 PROPERTY. 913 00:34:13,951 --> 00:34:17,922 ON THE RIGHT WING, WE HAVE A 914 00:34:17,989 --> 00:34:33,104 CLOUD AERSOL PRECIPITATION. 915 00:34:33,171 --> 00:34:34,839 >> WE'RE GETTING ON TO THE 916 00:34:34,906 --> 00:34:35,873 FALCON HERE. 917 00:34:35,940 --> 00:34:37,809 I CAN SEE THAT IT'S PRETTY 918 00:34:37,875 --> 00:34:38,142 CROWDED. 919 00:34:38,209 --> 00:34:39,343 YOU DON'T HAVE EVERYTHING ON 920 00:34:39,410 --> 00:34:40,278 HERE YET. 921 00:34:40,344 --> 00:34:41,779 TELL ME A LITTLE BIT ABOUT WHAT 922 00:34:41,846 --> 00:34:42,847 IT'S GOING TO BE LIKE. 923 00:34:42,914 --> 00:34:44,282 >> WE'RE CURRENTLY INTEGRATING 924 00:34:44,348 --> 00:34:45,149 THE FALCON. 925 00:34:45,216 --> 00:34:46,951 WE'RE PUTTING OUR INSTRUMENTS 926 00:34:47,018 --> 00:34:47,218 ON. 927 00:34:47,285 --> 00:34:48,586 WE HAVE THREE RACK ON THE PLANE. 928 00:34:48,653 --> 00:34:50,922 WE'RE GOING TO HAVE THREE MORE. 929 00:34:50,988 --> 00:34:52,023 ESSENTIALLY RIGHT WHERE WE ARE. 930 00:34:52,089 --> 00:34:54,158 >> YOU HAVE TO HAVE PEOPLE ON 931 00:34:54,225 --> 00:34:55,126 THE PLANE. 932 00:34:55,193 --> 00:34:57,195 >> DURING FLIGHTS WE'LL HAVE TWO 933 00:34:57,261 --> 00:34:58,262 PILOTS UP FRONT. 934 00:34:58,329 --> 00:34:59,931 WE'LL HAVE TWO SCIENTIFIC 935 00:34:59,997 --> 00:35:01,799 OPERATORS THAT WILL MONITOR THE 936 00:35:01,866 --> 00:35:02,200 INSTRUMENTS. 937 00:35:02,266 --> 00:35:04,368 >> WHAT IS A FALCON DO? 938 00:35:04,435 --> 00:35:06,971 >> WE'RE BASED OUT OF HAMPTON. 939 00:35:07,038 --> 00:35:08,372 WE'LL BE FLYING OUT OVER THE 940 00:35:08,439 --> 00:35:10,341 OCEAN SO WE CAN DO LOCAL FLIGHTS 941 00:35:10,408 --> 00:35:13,110 OR WE CAN GO TO BERMUDA AND BACK 942 00:35:13,177 --> 00:35:14,245 OR TARGET DIFFERENT 943 00:35:14,312 --> 00:35:14,712 ENVIRONMENTS. 944 00:35:14,779 --> 00:35:15,813 OUR FLIGHTS ARE ABOUT FOUR HOURS 945 00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:16,881 IN DURATION. 946 00:35:16,948 --> 00:35:18,916 WE FLY FROM ABOUT 500 FEET ABOVE 947 00:35:18,983 --> 00:35:23,888 THE WATER SURFACE UP TO ABOUT 948 00:35:23,955 --> 00:35:24,555 5000 FEET. 949 00:35:24,622 --> 00:35:25,990 >> YOU'RE DOING THAT, THE KING 950 00:35:26,057 --> 00:35:28,226 AIR IS GOING TO BE FLYING TOO. 951 00:35:28,292 --> 00:35:29,594 TALK TO ME ABOUT WHAT THE KING 952 00:35:29,660 --> 00:35:31,229 AIR IS GOING TO BE DOING? 953 00:35:31,295 --> 00:35:33,297 THE UNIQUENESS OF ACTIVATED THAT 954 00:35:33,364 --> 00:35:35,933 WE HAVE COORDINATED BETWEEN TWO 955 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:36,300 AIRCRAFT. 956 00:35:36,367 --> 00:35:38,336 WE'RE FLYING OWE, THE KING AIR 957 00:35:38,402 --> 00:35:39,971 ISFULLYING UP TO 9 KILOMETERS 958 00:35:40,037 --> 00:35:41,606 LOOKING DOWN ON THE SCENE WITH 959 00:35:41,672 --> 00:35:44,675 REMOTE SENSORS. 960 00:35:44,742 --> 00:35:47,411 >> YOU ACTUALLY HAVE A DROP SON 961 00:35:47,478 --> 00:35:47,712 HERE. 962 00:35:47,778 --> 00:35:48,946 CAN YOU EXPLAIN TO US WHAT WE'RE 963 00:35:49,013 --> 00:35:50,748 LOOKING AT HERE? 964 00:35:50,815 --> 00:35:53,484 >> IT HAS A PARACHUTE ON ONE END 965 00:35:53,551 --> 00:35:57,922 AND SENSORS ON THE OTHER. 966 00:35:57,989 --> 00:35:59,457 WE USE A LAWN CHAIR FROM THE 967 00:35:59,524 --> 00:36:02,960 AIRCRAFT. IT DROPS IT ABOUT 968 00:36:03,027 --> 00:36:03,794 11 FEET PER SECOND. 969 00:36:03,861 --> 00:36:05,429 >> YOU HAVE TWO OTHER 970 00:36:05,496 --> 00:36:06,631 INSTRUMENTS ON THE KING AIR. 971 00:36:06,697 --> 00:36:08,599 WHAT ARE THEY? 972 00:36:08,666 --> 00:36:13,037 >> RESEARCH SCANNING AND HSRL. 973 00:36:13,104 --> 00:36:15,473 THOSE TWO INSTRUMENTS ALLOW US 974 00:36:15,540 --> 00:36:17,275 TO RETRIEVE THE PROPERTIES WE'RE 975 00:36:17,341 --> 00:36:17,742 MEASURING. 976 00:36:17,808 --> 00:36:18,943 >> WE DON'T HAVE THEM TO SHOW 977 00:36:19,010 --> 00:36:19,443 YOU HERE. 978 00:36:19,510 --> 00:36:21,112 WE ARE GOING TO TAKE YOU TO THE 979 00:36:21,178 --> 00:36:25,383 LAB TO SEE THE HSRL. 980 00:36:25,449 --> 00:36:26,918 >> THIS IS OUR INSTRUMENT HOW 981 00:36:26,984 --> 00:36:29,654 IT'S CONFIGURED ON THE AIRCRAFT. 982 00:36:29,720 --> 00:36:32,089 WE SEND DIFFERENT COLORS PULSES 983 00:36:32,156 --> 00:36:33,791 OF LASER LIGHT OUT INTO THE 984 00:36:33,858 --> 00:36:35,059 ATMOSPHERE FROM THE BOTTOM HALF 985 00:36:35,126 --> 00:36:36,160 OF THE INSTRUMENT. 986 00:36:36,227 --> 00:36:37,795 LASER PULSES GO INTO THE 987 00:36:37,862 --> 00:36:38,195 ATMOSPHERE. 988 00:36:38,262 --> 00:36:39,497 WE COLLECT THAT SCATTERED LIGHT 989 00:36:39,564 --> 00:36:40,898 ENERGY FROM THE ATMOSPHERE WITH 990 00:36:40,965 --> 00:36:41,532 OUR TELESCOPE. 991 00:36:41,599 --> 00:36:43,334 DIRECT THAT LIGHT INTO THE 992 00:36:43,401 --> 00:36:45,169 VARIOUS DIRECTORS IN THE 993 00:36:45,236 --> 00:36:45,937 INSTRUMENT HEAD. 994 00:36:46,003 --> 00:36:48,072 I CAN LOOK AT THE SIGNALS COMING 995 00:36:48,139 --> 00:36:49,774 FROM ALL THE DETECTORS GETTING 996 00:36:49,840 --> 00:36:51,375 INFORMATION ABOUT THE AERSOLS IN 997 00:36:51,442 --> 00:36:52,543 THE CLOUD. 998 00:36:52,610 --> 00:36:55,613 YOU HEARD ABOUT THE DETAILED 999 00:36:55,680 --> 00:36:57,682 MEASUREMENTS THAT THE FALCON IS 1000 00:36:57,748 --> 00:36:58,015 TAKING. 1001 00:36:58,082 --> 00:36:59,750 WE'RE FLYING UP HIGH AND WE'RE 1002 00:36:59,817 --> 00:37:02,119 MEASURING A REMOTE SENSORS. 1003 00:37:02,186 --> 00:37:02,920 WE'RE MEASURING FROM THE 1004 00:37:02,987 --> 00:37:04,855 AIRCRAFT DOWN TO THE SURFACE. 1005 00:37:04,922 --> 00:37:05,990 WE CAN COMBINE THOSE 1006 00:37:06,057 --> 00:37:07,158 MEASUREMENTS FROM BOTH AIRCRAFT 1007 00:37:07,224 --> 00:37:08,292 TO REALLY GET DETAILED 1008 00:37:08,359 --> 00:37:09,827 INFORMATION AND DIG INTO THE 1009 00:37:09,894 --> 00:37:12,330 SCIENCE OF HOW AERSOLS AND 1010 00:37:12,396 --> 00:37:12,930 CLOUDS INTERACT. 1011 00:37:12,997 --> 00:37:14,198 >> THAT WAS OUR BEHIND THE SCENE 1012 00:37:14,265 --> 00:37:16,701 LOOK AT WHAT WE'RE GONG HERE AT 1013 00:37:16,767 --> 00:37:20,004 LANGLEY TO GET READY FOR 1014 00:37:20,071 --> 00:37:20,371 ACTIVATE. 1015 00:37:20,438 --> 00:37:24,575 BACK TO YOU AT ARMSTRONG. 1016 00:37:24,642 --> 00:37:25,810 >> THANKS FOR THE REPORT. 1017 00:37:25,876 --> 00:37:28,512 THERE'S A LOT GOING ON THAT 1018 00:37:28,579 --> 00:37:28,879 AIRCRAFT. 1019 00:37:28,946 --> 00:37:30,615 JOINING ME NOW IS ACTUALLY THE 1020 00:37:30,681 --> 00:37:37,321 LEAD SCIENTISTS FOR ACTIVATE. 1021 00:37:37,388 --> 00:37:38,923 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY. 1022 00:37:38,990 --> 00:37:40,358 >> THANK YOU. 1023 00:37:40,424 --> 00:37:41,993 >> LOOKS LIKE YOUR MISSION IS IN 1024 00:37:42,059 --> 00:37:43,828 GOOD HANDS ACCORDING TO THAT 1025 00:37:43,894 --> 00:37:44,829 VIDEO. 1026 00:37:44,895 --> 00:37:45,296 >> CORRECT. 1027 00:37:45,363 --> 00:37:49,000 AS WE ALL KNOW, CLOUDS ARE A 1028 00:37:49,066 --> 00:37:50,401 COMMON FEATURE IN THE LOWER 1029 00:37:50,468 --> 00:37:50,801 ATMOSPHERE. 1030 00:37:50,868 --> 00:37:51,936 THEY'RE NOT JUST BEAUTIFUL 1031 00:37:52,003 --> 00:37:54,105 OBJECTS TO LOOK AT, THEY PLAY A 1032 00:37:54,171 --> 00:37:55,973 VERY IMPORTANT ROLE IN OUR 1033 00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:57,274 PLANET ENERGY BALANCE. 1034 00:37:57,341 --> 00:37:58,776 THEY ARE VERY REFLECTIVE. 1035 00:37:58,843 --> 00:38:00,511 WE DON'T FULLY UNDERSTAND HOW 1036 00:38:00,578 --> 00:38:01,812 CLOUDS WORK, ESPECIALLY HOW THEY 1037 00:38:01,879 --> 00:38:04,048 FORM AND HOW THEY EVOLVE. 1038 00:38:04,115 --> 00:38:06,183 WE NEED TO CHANGE THAT AND IT 1039 00:38:06,250 --> 00:38:09,687 BEGINS WITH UNDERSTANDING HOW TO 1040 00:38:09,754 --> 00:38:11,689 MAKE A CLOUD DROPLETS. 1041 00:38:11,756 --> 00:38:14,659 THE SEEDS DROPLETS ARE LITTLE 1042 00:38:14,725 --> 00:38:17,228 AERSOLS PARTICLES LIKE DUST AND 1043 00:38:17,294 --> 00:38:17,628 SMOKE. 1044 00:38:17,695 --> 00:38:20,431 WE'RE INHALING LARGE AMOUNTS OF 1045 00:38:20,498 --> 00:38:20,798 PARTICLES. 1046 00:38:20,865 --> 00:38:23,000 THEY VARY WIDELY IN TERMS OF 1047 00:38:23,067 --> 00:38:25,403 WHAT THEY ARE MADE OF AND SIZE. 1048 00:38:25,469 --> 00:38:26,570 DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER AND THE 1049 00:38:26,637 --> 00:38:29,640 AMOUNTS OF PARTICLES THAT YOU 1050 00:38:29,707 --> 00:38:31,342 HAVE, CLOUD DROPLETS CAN HAVE 1051 00:38:31,409 --> 00:38:35,946 DIFFERENT PROPERTIES IN TERMS OF 1052 00:38:36,013 --> 00:38:37,782 SIZE AND LIFETIME. 1053 00:38:37,848 --> 00:38:39,984 TO UNDERSTAND THESE COMPLEX 1054 00:38:40,051 --> 00:38:40,918 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLES 1055 00:38:40,985 --> 00:38:44,155 AND CLOUD, WE NEED AIRBORNE 1056 00:38:44,221 --> 00:38:45,890 MEASUREMENTS AND WE NEED 1057 00:38:45,956 --> 00:38:47,324 INFORMATION BELOW, INSIDE AND 1058 00:38:47,391 --> 00:38:48,192 BELOVE ALL AT ONCE. 1059 00:38:48,259 --> 00:38:49,827 IT'S REALLY HARD TO DO THIS WITH 1060 00:38:49,894 --> 00:38:52,263 JUST ONE AIRPLANE. 1061 00:38:52,329 --> 00:38:53,230 ACTIVATE EMBRACES THIS APPROACH 1062 00:38:53,297 --> 00:38:56,600 AS YOU SAW IN THE VIDEO THEY USE 1063 00:38:56,667 --> 00:38:58,736 TWO PLANES THAT WILL FLY IN 1064 00:38:58,803 --> 00:38:59,737 FASHION TO GET ALL THE 1065 00:38:59,804 --> 00:39:01,739 INFORMATION WE NEED AT ONCE. 1066 00:39:01,806 --> 00:39:03,874 WE WILL DO ABOUT 150 JOINT 1067 00:39:03,941 --> 00:39:04,975 FLIGHTS OVER THE NEXT THREE 1068 00:39:05,042 --> 00:39:07,278 YEARS OVER THE WESTERN NORTH 1069 00:39:07,344 --> 00:39:10,214 ATLANTIC OCEAN. 1070 00:39:10,281 --> 00:39:11,315 >> WHAT KINDS OF AERSOLS ARE WE 1071 00:39:11,382 --> 00:39:13,217 LOOKING AT? 1072 00:39:13,284 --> 00:39:16,087 >> THERE'S A WIDE RANGE OF 1073 00:39:16,153 --> 00:39:17,021 DIFFERENT POLLUTION SOURCES THAT 1074 00:39:17,088 --> 00:39:18,322 IMPACT THE WESTERN NORTH 1075 00:39:18,389 --> 00:39:19,056 ATLANTIC OCEAN. 1076 00:39:19,123 --> 00:39:20,424 THAT WAS ONE OF THE REASONS WE 1077 00:39:20,491 --> 00:39:21,525 CHOSE THIS REGION. 1078 00:39:21,592 --> 00:39:24,195 WE NEED A WIDE DIVERSITY IN 1079 00:39:24,261 --> 00:39:25,896 TERMS OF EMISSION SOURCES AND 1080 00:39:25,963 --> 00:39:27,198 WEATHER TYPES. 1081 00:39:27,264 --> 00:39:31,936 WE HAVE BIOGENIC MISSIONS. 1082 00:39:32,002 --> 00:39:34,839 WE HAVE SEA SALTS, WE HAVE DUST 1083 00:39:34,905 --> 00:39:36,006 FROM AFRICA AND CERTAIN TIME WAS 1084 00:39:36,073 --> 00:39:43,180 OF THE YEAR. 1085 00:39:43,247 --> 00:39:45,549 >> YOU KNOW, I KNOW WE HAD A FEW 1086 00:39:45,616 --> 00:39:47,418 CAMPAIGNS THAT WE'RE LOOKING AT 1087 00:39:47,485 --> 00:39:50,488 SIMILAR PROCESSES, AERSOLS AND 1088 00:39:50,554 --> 00:39:52,256 CLOUDS, WE'VE OFF THE COAST OF 1089 00:39:52,323 --> 00:39:54,358 AFRICA, WE'VE BEEN IN THE 1090 00:39:54,425 --> 00:39:55,893 MARITIME BY THE PHILIPPINES. 1091 00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:57,628 WE'RE HAVING A GROW COMPANION 1092 00:39:57,695 --> 00:39:59,997 WITH THESE MEASUREMENTS. 1093 00:40:00,064 --> 00:40:01,799 WHAT'S THE POINT HAVING ALL 1094 00:40:01,866 --> 00:40:02,733 THESE DIFFERENT MEASUREMENTS 1095 00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:04,969 TAKING PLACE ACROSS THE WORLD? 1096 00:40:05,035 --> 00:40:08,038 >> THE SCIENCE OF AERSOL CLOUD 1097 00:40:08,105 --> 00:40:10,007 INTERACTION WHAT WE'RE 1098 00:40:10,074 --> 00:40:11,375 STRUGGLING WITH IS GENERAL LACK 1099 00:40:11,442 --> 00:40:12,143 OF STATISTICS. 1100 00:40:12,209 --> 00:40:14,044 THERE ARE SO MANY FACTORS 1101 00:40:14,111 --> 00:40:14,779 INFLUENCING CLOUD PROPERTIES 1102 00:40:14,845 --> 00:40:17,214 THAT WE JUST NEED MORE AND MORE 1103 00:40:17,281 --> 00:40:20,017 DATA IN DIFFERENT REGIONS THAT 1104 00:40:20,084 --> 00:40:21,552 ARE -- THERE'S A DIFFERENT TYPES 1105 00:40:21,619 --> 00:40:24,455 OF PARTICLES, DIFFERENT TYPES OF 1106 00:40:24,522 --> 00:40:24,822 WEATHER. 1107 00:40:24,889 --> 00:40:27,925 HAVING DATA ACROSS THE WORLD AND 1108 00:40:27,992 --> 00:40:29,360 WHAT'S VERY SPECIAL ABOUT 1109 00:40:29,426 --> 00:40:31,128 ACTIVATE IS THE SHEER AMOUNT OF 1110 00:40:31,195 --> 00:40:32,763 FLIGHTS WE'LL DO IS VERY LARGE. 1111 00:40:32,830 --> 00:40:35,065 WE'RE GOING TO GET ABOUT 1200 1112 00:40:35,132 --> 00:40:37,635 HOURS OF FLIGHT DATA, WHICH IS 1113 00:40:37,701 --> 00:40:38,869 KIND OF UNPRECEDENTED. 1114 00:40:38,936 --> 00:40:40,504 WE NEED STATISTICS. 1115 00:40:40,571 --> 00:40:42,706 COMBINING ALL THESE CAMPAIGN 1116 00:40:42,773 --> 00:40:44,742 DATA AND USING ACTIVATE IT'S 1117 00:40:44,809 --> 00:40:47,111 GOING TO HELP THE INTERNATIONAL 1118 00:40:47,178 --> 00:40:48,445 RESEARCH COMMUNITY. 1119 00:40:48,512 --> 00:40:48,946 >> INCREDIBLE. 1120 00:40:49,013 --> 00:40:50,915 HOW DID YOU GET MOTIVATED TO GET 1121 00:40:50,981 --> 00:40:55,986 INTO THIS KIND OF SCIENCE? 1122 00:40:56,053 --> 00:40:57,688 >> SINCE I WAS A CHILD, I'VE 1123 00:40:57,755 --> 00:40:58,956 ALWAYS BEEN FASCINATED AND 1124 00:40:59,023 --> 00:41:00,825 INSPIRED BY AIRPLANES. 1125 00:41:00,891 --> 00:41:03,494 ALTHOUGH I NEVER PURSUED FLYING, 1126 00:41:03,561 --> 00:41:05,129 I LIKED LOOKING AT THEM AND 1127 00:41:05,196 --> 00:41:06,597 BEING ON PLANES. 1128 00:41:06,664 --> 00:41:08,132 ONE OF THE BEST PARTS OF THIS 1129 00:41:08,199 --> 00:41:09,166 RESEARCH, NOT JUST BEING ON THE 1130 00:41:09,233 --> 00:41:11,235 PLANE BUT BEING ABLE TO STEER 1131 00:41:11,302 --> 00:41:12,937 THE DIRECTION OF FLIGHTS AND 1132 00:41:13,003 --> 00:41:16,607 DOING AN IMPACTFUL RESEARCH. 1133 00:41:16,674 --> 00:41:20,711 MY BACKGROUND IS AERSOLS BY 1134 00:41:20,778 --> 00:41:21,912 PROFESSIONAL ROLE MODEL, MY 1135 00:41:21,979 --> 00:41:28,919 FATHER HE'S A HYDROLOGIST WHO 1136 00:41:28,986 --> 00:41:31,322 STUDIES PRECIPITATION. 1137 00:41:31,388 --> 00:41:31,822 >> INCREDIBLE. 1138 00:41:31,889 --> 00:41:35,059 FOLLOWING YOUR FATHER'S FOOTSTEP 1139 00:41:35,125 --> 00:41:36,694 AND YOUR WORK, THAT'S BEAUTIFUL. 1140 00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:38,762 >> THANK YOU. 1141 00:41:38,829 --> 00:41:40,965 >> THANKS SO MUCH FOR JOINING 1142 00:41:41,031 --> 00:41:41,232 US. 1143 00:41:41,298 --> 00:41:42,266 GOOD LUCK. 1144 00:41:42,333 --> 00:41:43,968 WE'RE FROM SMALL PARTICLES IN 1145 00:41:44,034 --> 00:41:45,769 THE CLOUDS TO ONE OF THE LARGEST 1146 00:41:45,836 --> 00:41:46,770 WATERWAYS IN THE WORLD. 1147 00:41:46,837 --> 00:41:49,473 WE'RE MOVING ON TO THE DELTA-X 1148 00:41:49,540 --> 00:41:49,807 MISSION. 1149 00:41:49,874 --> 00:41:51,775 WE'RE LOOKING AT WATER FLOW TO 1150 00:41:51,842 --> 00:41:54,778 FIGURE OUT WHY SOME PARTS OF THE 1151 00:41:54,845 --> 00:41:57,348 MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA ARE 1152 00:41:57,414 --> 00:41:59,083 DISAPPEARING AND WHY OTHERS ARE 1153 00:41:59,149 --> 00:41:59,383 NOT. 1154 00:41:59,450 --> 00:42:03,120 JOINING ME IS LEAD SCIENTISTS, 1155 00:42:03,187 --> 00:42:07,358 MARK FROM JET PROPULSION 1156 00:42:07,424 --> 00:42:07,758 LABORATORY. 1157 00:42:07,825 --> 00:42:08,893 I WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE 1158 00:42:08,959 --> 00:42:09,994 PROCESSES AT PLAY IN THE 1159 00:42:10,060 --> 00:42:12,062 MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA AND HOW 1160 00:42:12,129 --> 00:42:13,931 YOU'RE LOOKING AT THAT? 1161 00:42:13,998 --> 00:42:16,533 >> RIVER DELTA FORM ALONG THE 1162 00:42:16,600 --> 00:42:16,834 COAST. 1163 00:42:16,901 --> 00:42:19,837 AS THE WATER FROM THE RIVER MEET 1164 00:42:19,904 --> 00:42:21,538 IN THE OCEAN, THE WATER FROM THE 1165 00:42:21,605 --> 00:42:23,607 RIVER ITSELF SLOWS DOWN. 1166 00:42:23,674 --> 00:42:25,843 THE SEDIMENTS THAT CAN 1167 00:42:25,910 --> 00:42:29,380 TRANSPORTS TOWARDS THE COAST 1168 00:42:29,446 --> 00:42:30,514 ACTUALLY DEPOSIT OUT OF THE 1169 00:42:30,581 --> 00:42:30,848 WATER. 1170 00:42:30,915 --> 00:42:33,951 AS THOSE SEDIMENTS ACCUMULATE, 1171 00:42:34,018 --> 00:42:37,488 THEY BUILD UP SOIL. 1172 00:42:37,554 --> 00:42:42,593 AT ONE POINT, THE WATER WILL BE 1173 00:42:42,660 --> 00:42:45,896 SHALLOW, FOR VEGETATION TO GROW. 1174 00:42:45,963 --> 00:42:48,232 VEGETATION WILL CONTRIBUTE TO 1175 00:42:48,299 --> 00:42:51,068 THE FURTHERING OF THE SEDIMENT. 1176 00:42:51,135 --> 00:42:52,770 IT WILL HELP MAINTAIN THE 1177 00:42:52,836 --> 00:42:56,040 SEDIMENT IN PLACE AND ALSO 1178 00:42:56,106 --> 00:42:56,674 POTENTIALLY ACCELERATE THE 1179 00:42:56,740 --> 00:42:58,042 CAPTURE OF THOSE SEDIMENTS. 1180 00:42:58,108 --> 00:43:03,514 NOT ONLY THAT, THERE'S ALSO 1181 00:43:03,580 --> 00:43:06,850 ECOLOGICAL PROJECT IT IS IT 1182 00:43:06,917 --> 00:43:10,654 GROWS, PRODUCE ORGANIC MATERIAL 1183 00:43:10,721 --> 00:43:12,957 THROUGH THE ROOF. 1184 00:43:13,023 --> 00:43:15,192 EVERY YEAR, THEY CONTRIBUTE JUST 1185 00:43:15,259 --> 00:43:16,994 LIKE THE SEDIMENT TO ELEVATION 1186 00:43:17,061 --> 00:43:23,667 OF THE GROUND IN THE DELTA. 1187 00:43:23,734 --> 00:43:25,035 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN POSITION 1188 00:43:25,102 --> 00:43:28,072 AND THE SECOND ONE IS ECOLOGICAL 1189 00:43:28,138 --> 00:43:30,808 PART, WHICH IS THE PLANT ORGANIC 1190 00:43:30,874 --> 00:43:32,009 CONTRIBUTION TO SOIL ELEVATION. 1191 00:43:32,076 --> 00:43:34,044 >> FOR THOSE OF YOU GUYS 1192 00:43:34,111 --> 00:43:36,613 WATCHING ON NASA TV, THAT NOISE 1193 00:43:36,680 --> 00:43:38,048 IS A HANGAR IN MOTION. 1194 00:43:38,115 --> 00:43:39,750 THIS IS A LIVE WORKING HANGAR. 1195 00:43:39,817 --> 00:43:42,052 DON'T MIND THAT NOISE. 1196 00:43:42,119 --> 00:43:44,054 GREAT, MARC, THINK ABOUT ALL THE 1197 00:43:44,121 --> 00:43:45,990 WAYS THAT WE CAN STUDY THESE 1198 00:43:46,056 --> 00:43:46,390 PROCESSES. 1199 00:43:46,457 --> 00:43:56,133 WHAT'S GOING ON IN THE FIELD? 1200 00:43:56,200 --> 00:43:57,735 >> DELTA-X USES NASA THAT ARE 1201 00:43:57,801 --> 00:44:00,137 USED TO CALIBRATE NUMERICAL 1202 00:44:00,204 --> 00:44:00,471 MODEL. 1203 00:44:00,537 --> 00:44:05,275 THOSE MODELS WILL SIMULATE THE 1204 00:44:05,342 --> 00:44:06,710 HYDROLOGY OF THE SYSTEM SO THE 1205 00:44:06,777 --> 00:44:08,245 WATER CIRCULATING THROUGH THE 1206 00:44:08,312 --> 00:44:10,914 CHANNEL AND ACROSS THE MARSHES. 1207 00:44:10,981 --> 00:44:14,351 IT WILL SIMULATE THE SEDIMENTS 1208 00:44:14,418 --> 00:44:15,552 AND THE PLANT GROWTH. 1209 00:44:15,619 --> 00:44:17,254 WE USE THREE AIRCRAFTS OF WHICH 1210 00:44:17,321 --> 00:44:18,856 TWO ARE RADARS. 1211 00:44:18,922 --> 00:44:21,759 THE RADARS ARE USED TO MEASURE 1212 00:44:21,825 --> 00:44:25,295 THE HYDROLOGY OF THE SYSTEM IN 1213 00:44:25,362 --> 00:44:28,132 THE CHANNEL NETWORK AND ALSO 1214 00:44:28,198 --> 00:44:28,499 MARSHES. 1215 00:44:28,565 --> 00:44:34,104 IF WE LOOK AT THE PREPARATION OF 1216 00:44:34,171 --> 00:44:40,344 THE TIDAL WAVE, WE HAVE A THIRD 1217 00:44:40,411 --> 00:44:42,246 INSTRUMENT THAT WILL LOOK AT THE 1218 00:44:42,312 --> 00:44:46,550 CONTENT OF SEDIMENTS. 1219 00:44:46,617 --> 00:44:50,687 IT WILL LOOK AT PLANTS. 1220 00:44:50,754 --> 00:44:54,324 THAT THIRD ONE IS AN IMAGING 1221 00:44:54,391 --> 00:44:54,758 SPECTROMETER. 1222 00:44:54,825 --> 00:44:55,959 >> WE KNOW THAT LOT OF PEOPLE 1223 00:44:56,026 --> 00:44:58,095 LIVE AROUND THE MISSISSIPPI 1224 00:44:58,162 --> 00:44:58,529 RIVER GULF. 1225 00:44:58,595 --> 00:44:59,229 YOU WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE 1226 00:44:59,296 --> 00:45:00,497 IMPORTANCE OF THIS RESEARCH FOR 1227 00:45:00,564 --> 00:45:01,331 THE REGION? 1228 00:45:01,398 --> 00:45:04,435 >> MOST OF THE DELTA, THE LARGER 1229 00:45:04,501 --> 00:45:07,504 DELTA IN THE WORLD ARE SINKING 1230 00:45:07,571 --> 00:45:10,908 UNDER CURRENT SEA LEVEL RIESS. 1231 00:45:10,974 --> 00:45:16,080 THEY ARE THREATENED. 1232 00:45:16,146 --> 00:45:17,614 THEY HAVE TO ELEVATE THE GROUND 1233 00:45:17,681 --> 00:45:20,818 TO KEEP UP WITH SEA LEVEL RISE. 1234 00:45:20,884 --> 00:45:23,320 IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA, WE'RE 1235 00:45:23,387 --> 00:45:25,489 LOOKING AT ALMOST 10 MILLIMETERS 1236 00:45:25,556 --> 00:45:31,895 OF RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE. 1237 00:45:31,962 --> 00:45:33,931 IT HAS TO ACCUMULATE A LOT OF 1238 00:45:33,997 --> 00:45:34,331 SEDIMENTS. 1239 00:45:34,398 --> 00:45:38,202 WE SEE ON THE MONITORS NOW, LOTS 1240 00:45:38,268 --> 00:45:40,270 OF LAND. 1241 00:45:40,337 --> 00:45:42,840 THOSE RED AREAS ARE THE LOST OF 1242 00:45:42,906 --> 00:45:45,409 LAND IN THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA. 1243 00:45:45,476 --> 00:45:48,178 IF YOU TAKE THIS LAND THAT HAS 1244 00:45:48,245 --> 00:45:50,581 BEEN LOST IN THE LAST FEW 1245 00:45:50,647 --> 00:45:53,283 DECADES, WE'RE LOSING A LAND AT 1246 00:45:53,350 --> 00:45:54,585 THE RATE SIMILAR TO ONE FOOTBALL 1247 00:45:54,651 --> 00:45:57,654 FIELD EVERY HOUR. 1248 00:45:57,721 --> 00:45:59,389 >> IN OTHER WORDS, BETTER 1249 00:45:59,456 --> 00:46:01,758 UNDERSTANDING WHAT TO EXPECT IN 1250 00:46:01,825 --> 00:46:03,994 THE FUTURE? 1251 00:46:04,061 --> 00:46:06,630 >> THAT MODEL THAT WE'RE 1252 00:46:06,697 --> 00:46:08,499 CALIBRATING, ONCE IT'S 1253 00:46:08,565 --> 00:46:09,566 CALIBRATED WE CAN PREDICT WHICH 1254 00:46:09,633 --> 00:46:12,202 PARTS OF THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA 1255 00:46:12,269 --> 00:46:13,737 WILL BE DROWNING UNDER SEA LEVEL 1256 00:46:13,804 --> 00:46:16,240 RISE AND WHICH ONES WILL 1257 00:46:16,306 --> 00:46:16,640 SURVIVE. 1258 00:46:16,707 --> 00:46:18,575 THAT WAY WE CAN ACTUALLY USE 1259 00:46:18,642 --> 00:46:22,246 THAT MODEL TO GUIDE AND SUPPORT 1260 00:46:22,312 --> 00:46:24,114 POTENTIAL RESTORATION. 1261 00:46:24,181 --> 00:46:26,316 >> SEEM LIKE FASCINATING WORK. 1262 00:46:26,383 --> 00:46:29,086 MARC, HOW DID YOU GET INVOLVED 1263 00:46:29,153 --> 00:46:30,854 IN THIS KIND OF SCIENCE? 1264 00:46:30,921 --> 00:46:32,489 >> MY BACKGROUND IS PHYSICS. 1265 00:46:32,556 --> 00:46:37,461 I TEND TO LIKE THINGS THAT ARE 1266 00:46:37,528 --> 00:46:38,128 COMPLEX. 1267 00:46:38,195 --> 00:46:41,231 NOT ONLY IS THIS COMPLEX BECAUSE 1268 00:46:41,298 --> 00:46:44,668 OF THE CONSTANT AND EVENTS 1269 00:46:44,735 --> 00:46:46,870 BETWEEN THE OCEAN AND THE RIVER 1270 00:46:46,937 --> 00:46:48,305 WHICH COMES IN AND OUT. 1271 00:46:48,372 --> 00:46:51,041 THERE'S ALSO A COMPLEXITY DUE TO 1272 00:46:51,108 --> 00:46:51,808 THE PEOPLE. 1273 00:46:51,875 --> 00:46:53,477 I LIKE PEOPLE AND I THINK AT 1274 00:46:53,544 --> 00:46:56,880 THIS POINT, SCIENCE IS 1275 00:46:56,947 --> 00:46:58,515 SUFFICIENT ADVANCE, IT CAN BE 1276 00:46:58,582 --> 00:47:01,952 USED TO HELP PEOPLE AND CARE FOR 1277 00:47:02,019 --> 00:47:04,421 THE LIVELIHOOD OF THE HALF 1278 00:47:04,488 --> 00:47:06,323 BILLION PEOPLE THAT LIVE ACROSS 1279 00:47:06,390 --> 00:47:08,792 THE WORLD IN THE OZONE AREAS. 1280 00:47:08,859 --> 00:47:09,660 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH MARC. 1281 00:47:09,726 --> 00:47:10,761 I AGREE. 1282 00:47:10,827 --> 00:47:11,962 ONE OF THE KEY INSTRUMENTS 1283 00:47:12,029 --> 00:47:16,433 THAT'S USED FOR DELTA-X IS THE 1284 00:47:16,500 --> 00:47:21,138 VEHICLE, SYNTHETIC RADAR. 1285 00:47:21,205 --> 00:47:26,843 IT HAPPENS TO BE RIGHT BEHIND 1286 00:47:26,910 --> 00:47:32,516 US. 1287 00:47:32,583 --> 00:47:33,183 >> WELCOME BACK. 1288 00:47:33,250 --> 00:47:34,985 TODAY AS YOU JUST HEARD LITTLE 1289 00:47:35,052 --> 00:47:36,920 BIT ABOUT THE SCIENCE MISSION 1290 00:47:36,987 --> 00:47:38,355 LOOKING DOWN AT THE SURFACE OF 1291 00:47:38,422 --> 00:47:39,957 THE EARTH AND ALL DIFFERENT 1292 00:47:40,023 --> 00:47:42,459 PARTS OF THE WORLD, THE AIRCRAFT 1293 00:47:42,526 --> 00:47:43,794 BEHIND ME IS WHAT WAS FORMALLY 1294 00:47:43,860 --> 00:47:45,662 AN AIR FORCE C20. 1295 00:47:45,729 --> 00:47:46,697 IT'S A GULF STREAM G3. 1296 00:47:46,763 --> 00:47:49,299 IF YOU LOOK AT THE WHITE POD 1297 00:47:49,366 --> 00:47:53,470 OVER MY SHOULDER HERE, THAT IS 1298 00:47:53,537 --> 00:47:57,374 THE MAIN SCIENCE INSTRUMENT. 1299 00:47:57,441 --> 00:48:00,110 SYNTHETIC RADAR IS WHAT WE TAKE 1300 00:48:00,177 --> 00:48:01,645 UP IN THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE WE 1301 00:48:01,712 --> 00:48:07,517 CAN FLY THROUGH A VERY PRECISE 1302 00:48:07,584 --> 00:48:10,187 PATH REPEATEDLY AND LOOK AT 1303 00:48:10,254 --> 00:48:11,288 SLIGHT MOVEMENTS WHETHER IT'S 1304 00:48:11,355 --> 00:48:16,059 LOOKING AT TOPOGRAPHY CHANGES, 1305 00:48:16,126 --> 00:48:17,661 VEGETATION, EARTHQUAKE FAULT 1306 00:48:17,728 --> 00:48:19,429 LINES, ANY MOVEMENT THERE, 1307 00:48:19,496 --> 00:48:21,598 GLACIER MOVEMENTS, VOLCANOES AND 1308 00:48:21,665 --> 00:48:24,101 THAT SORT OF THING. 1309 00:48:24,167 --> 00:48:26,937 THIS INSTRUMENT, PEER, THE RADAR 1310 00:48:27,004 --> 00:48:28,472 POD HAS BEEN COUPLED TO A 1311 00:48:28,538 --> 00:48:30,340 SPECIAL AUTO PILOT IN THE 1312 00:48:30,407 --> 00:48:38,815 AIRCRAFT THAT NASA HEAVIED HEAVY 1313 00:48:38,882 --> 00:48:39,182 MODIFIED. 1314 00:48:39,249 --> 00:48:42,753 SO THAT PILOT CAN FLY THROUGH A 1315 00:48:42,819 --> 00:48:44,588 SMALL 10-METER TUBE AND PUT THAT 1316 00:48:44,655 --> 00:48:46,256 RADAR LOOKING AT THE EXACT SAME 1317 00:48:46,323 --> 00:48:48,725 POSITION REPEATEDLY WHETHER IT'S 1318 00:48:48,792 --> 00:48:52,062 COUPLE OF DAYS LATER OR SEVERAL 1319 00:48:52,129 --> 00:48:53,964 MONTHSER YEAR LATER AND LOOK AT 1320 00:48:54,031 --> 00:48:55,832 CHANGES ON THE EARTH SURFACE. 1321 00:48:55,899 --> 00:48:57,034 THAT'S AN AMAZING THING TO DO. 1322 00:48:57,100 --> 00:48:59,436 UP IN THE AIRCRAFT, THE WAY WE 1323 00:48:59,503 --> 00:49:00,737 OPERATE THAT, THE PILOTS WILL 1324 00:49:00,804 --> 00:49:03,273 HAND FLY ON THE NORMAL AIRCRAFT 1325 00:49:03,340 --> 00:49:05,475 AUTO PILOT AND MANEUVER INTO 1326 00:49:05,542 --> 00:49:09,513 USING SOME OF THE SYMBOLOLOGY WE 1327 00:49:09,579 --> 00:49:11,415 HAVE TIED TO THE POD TO GET THE 1328 00:49:11,481 --> 00:49:13,150 AIRCRAFT AND THE RADAR RIGHT 1329 00:49:13,216 --> 00:49:14,885 WHERE THEY NEED IT. 1330 00:49:14,951 --> 00:49:16,720 WE COUPLE UP THAT PRECISION AUTO 1331 00:49:16,787 --> 00:49:18,689 PILOT AND THEN THE MAGIC STARTS 1332 00:49:18,755 --> 00:49:20,123 TO HAPPEN THERE. 1333 00:49:20,190 --> 00:49:21,591 THAT'S WHERE THE OBSERVATION 1334 00:49:21,658 --> 00:49:24,061 HAPPENS ON THE AIR SURFACE 1335 00:49:24,127 --> 00:49:28,332 LOOKING AT JUST CHANGES DOWN TO 1336 00:49:28,398 --> 00:49:31,034 A CENTIMETER. 1337 00:49:31,101 --> 00:49:32,669 FROM THE PILOT'S PERSPECTIVE, 1338 00:49:32,736 --> 00:49:35,639 IT'S A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO FLY 1339 00:49:35,706 --> 00:49:38,041 BEAUTIFUL BUSINESS JET LIKE THIS 1340 00:49:38,108 --> 00:49:39,476 IN A VERY DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT. 1341 00:49:39,543 --> 00:49:40,944 TYPICALLY WHAT WE'RE DOING UP 1342 00:49:41,011 --> 00:49:42,679 THERE IS WORKING AS A TEAM WITH 1343 00:49:42,746 --> 00:49:45,816 A RADAR OPERATOR IN THE BACK AND 1344 00:49:45,882 --> 00:49:47,684 MISSION DIRECTOR ALONG WITH THE 1345 00:49:47,751 --> 00:49:50,687 TWO PILOTS AND WE COORDINATE ALL 1346 00:49:50,754 --> 00:49:52,823 THE ACTION AGAIN TO PUT THE 1347 00:49:52,889 --> 00:49:58,428 CESAR SAYOC TO PUT -- THEADAR 1348 00:49:58,495 --> 00:50:00,397 OBJECTIVE IS TO PUT THAT RADAR 1349 00:50:00,464 --> 00:50:01,465 IN THE EXACT SPOT AND COMPARE 1350 00:50:01,531 --> 00:50:02,499 THAT DATA. 1351 00:50:02,566 --> 00:50:04,401 IT TAKES LOT OF SKILL. 1352 00:50:04,468 --> 00:50:07,537 IT'S VERY FRANTIC AS WE FLY INTO 1353 00:50:07,604 --> 00:50:09,906 THE TUBE BY HAND AND THEN COUPLE 1354 00:50:09,973 --> 00:50:11,241 OF THAT AUTO PILOT. 1355 00:50:11,308 --> 00:50:13,310 IT'S ARE VERY REWARDING WHEN YOU 1356 00:50:13,377 --> 00:50:14,578 SEE SOME OF THE FINAL PRODUCT 1357 00:50:14,644 --> 00:50:16,046 AND SEE WHAT COMES OUT OF THIS 1358 00:50:16,113 --> 00:50:19,783 STUDY AS YOU HEARD LITTLE BIT 1359 00:50:19,850 --> 00:50:21,284 ABOUT THERE. 1360 00:50:21,351 --> 00:50:23,820 IT'S A NICE OPPORTUNITY NOT TO 1361 00:50:23,887 --> 00:50:25,655 HAVE TO WEAR A SPACESUIT. 1362 00:50:25,722 --> 00:50:29,826 I LOOK A LITTLE BIT MORE 1363 00:50:29,893 --> 00:50:30,260 COMFORTABLE. 1364 00:50:30,327 --> 00:50:31,862 I HAVE ALL MY SENSES BACK AND I 1365 00:50:31,928 --> 00:50:33,063 CAN EAT AND DRINK. 1366 00:50:33,130 --> 00:50:34,898 WE ENJOY FLYING THAT AS WELL AS 1367 00:50:34,965 --> 00:50:37,367 ALL THE OTHER PLATFORMS THAT 1368 00:50:37,434 --> 00:50:38,902 CARRY THESE AMAZING SCIENCE 1369 00:50:38,969 --> 00:50:40,537 INSTRUMENTS AS WE STUDY THE 1370 00:50:40,604 --> 00:50:41,304 EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE. 1371 00:50:41,371 --> 00:50:43,373 BACK TO YOU. 1372 00:50:43,440 --> 00:50:43,840 >> THANKS. 1373 00:50:43,907 --> 00:50:46,243 THERE YOU HAVE IT FOLKS, FIVE 1374 00:50:46,309 --> 00:50:50,213 CAMPAIGNS SPREAD OUT ACROSS THE 1375 00:50:50,280 --> 00:50:50,480 U.S. 1376 00:50:50,547 --> 00:50:51,448 THIS IS ONLY THE BEGINNING. 1377 00:50:51,515 --> 00:50:53,283 WE WANT YOU TO KEEP FOLLOWING US 1378 00:50:53,350 --> 00:50:54,851 AS WE COVER EACH OF THESE 1379 00:50:54,918 --> 00:50:57,988 CAMPAIGNS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. 1380 00:50:58,054 --> 00:50:59,823 WE POSTING BLOGS, PHOTOS AND 1381 00:50:59,890 --> 00:51:03,226 VIDEOS AND WE'LL HAVE Q&As. 1382 00:51:03,293 --> 00:51:07,531 PLEASE FOLLOW US ON NASA.GOV FOR 1383 00:51:07,597 --> 00:51:09,299 ALL THE LATEST. 1384 00:51:09,366 --> 00:51:13,170 ALSO FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA. 1385 00:51:13,236 --> 00:51:14,371 THANKS SO MUCH AND SEE YOU NEXT 1386 00:51:14,438 --> 00:51:16,506 TIME.